Micrb 201 Exam 4, Normal Microbiota

Front 1

• Human microbial flora
o Usually_________

Back 1

mutually beneficial or neutral relationship: commensal and mutualist symbiosis

Front 2

o Internal organs/tissues are _______ while ___________

Back 2

free of microbes (sterile)
surface tissues are extensively colonized

Front 3

o Normal microbiota often ______

Back 3

prevent colonization by pathogens

Front 4

o Animals provide a favorable environment for _________-

Back 4

the growth of many microbes

Front 5

o Different anatomical sites have _______ and therefore ____

Back 5

very different growth conditions
different microbes

Front 6

If microbes reach abnormal location?

Back 6

can cause disease

Front 7

Large parts of skin are _________to colonize because_____

Back 7

difficult
dry, salty, acidic, protective oils

Front 8

LOTS of microbes live in _____ such as_______

Back 8

microbes in moist areas
 Scalp, ears, armpits, genital and anal areas

Front 9

Most microbes that colonize on skin are____because___--

Back 9

anaerobes
tolerate salt well

Front 10

o Saliva contains ________
 But ________

Back 10

antimicrobial enzymes
high concentrations of nutrients near surfaces in the mouth promote localized microbial growth

Front 11

o Bacteria colonize tooth surfaces by _____

Back 11

first attaching to acidic glycoproteins deposited there by saliva

Front 12

o Extensive growth of oral microbes, especially _______, results in ___________

Back 12

streptococci
a thick bacterial biofilm layer (dental plaque)

Front 13

How candy causes cavities.
Lactic acid method?

Back 13

 Lactic acid bacteria ferment sucrose to lactic acid.
 Lactic acid dissolves calcium phosphate in tooth enamel

Front 14

How candy causes cavities.
Not lactic acid method.

Back 14

 Sucrose used by Strep. Mutans to make dextran
 Dextran is a strong adhesive that bacteria use to adhere to the tooth
 As dental plaque accumulates, the microbes produce high concentrations of acid that results in decalcification of the tooth enamel (dental caries)

Front 15

______ colonizes the upper respiratory tract of mucosal surfaces

Back 15

A restricted group of organisms

Front 16

o Lower respiratory tract_________

Back 16

lacks microflora in healthy individuals

Front 17

GI tract microbes contribute to?

Back 17

 Digestion of food
 Absorption of nutrients
 Production of nutrients

Front 18

Different microbes in each part due to?

Back 18

different conditions

Front 19

pH starts at __in stomach and _____with distance from stomach.
Environment becomes increasingly more ______

Back 19

2
increases
anoxic

Front 20

composition of microbial population also determined by?

Back 20

diet