Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Does silver nitrate work for trachoma?
|
no
|
|
|
What antibiotics work on trachoma? (2)
|
(1)erythromycin (2)tetracycline in newborns (3)tetracylines, erythromycin, and rifampin for urogential infections
|
|
|
What are the two parts of the nervous system?
|
(1)CNS (2)PNS
|
|
|
what are three types of name for the ways that microbes can invade the brain? (3)
|
(1)physical truma (2)meningitis (2)encephalitis
|
|
|
What is the CNS?
|
the brain and the spinal cord
|
|
|
The main two ways how the microbes can invade the brain is (1)
|
(1)physcial tramua along the peripheral nerves when the brain is inflamed
|
|
|
What is the PNS?
|
the nerves that branch off the brain and spinal cord
|
|
|
What is meningitis?
|
inflammation of the meginges
|
|
|
What is encephalitis?
|
inflammation of the brain
|
|
|
NAME
is the brain and the spinal cord |
CNS
|
|
|
NAME
inflammation of the brain |
encephalitis
|
|
|
NAME
is the nerves that branch off the brain and spinal cord |
PNS
|
|
|
NAME
inflammation of the megines |
meningitis
|
|
|
What does PNS stand for?
|
peripheral nervous system
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of bacterial meningitis?
|
(1) high fever (2)headache, (3)a stiff neck followed by nausea and vomiting (4)may lead to convulsions and coma (5)symptoms of are vague infants (6) may cause death (7)surviors have some neurgogical damage such as learning disabitlies, hearing loss, and brain damage
|
|
|
NAME
(1) high fever (2)headache, (3)a stiff neck followed by nausea and vomiting (4)may lead to convulsions and coma (5)symptoms of are vague infants (6) may cause death (7)surviors have some neurgogical damage such as learning disabitlies, hearing loss, and brain damage |
bacterial meingitis
|
|
|
what does CNS stand for?
|
central nervous system
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by streptococcus pneumoniae |
pnenumococcal meningitis
|
|
|
What do the four types of meningits have in a common? (4)
|
(1)cause more than 70% of the infections (2) all have a capsule (3) are common inhabitants of the nose and throat (4)mostly young childeren
|
|
|
What is phnenumoccoal meningitis? (3)
|
(1)mortalilty is high (2)vaccine offers some protection offered for elederly but recommonded for childern under two (3)antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat
|
|
|
What is haempophilus inflenze meningitis? (2)
|
(1)type b (hib) (2)was the most common unti vaccine
|
|
|
What are meninges?
|
are 3 continous membranes
|
|
|
NAME
is type b= hib |
haempophilus influenzae meningitis
|
|
|
NAME
are 3 continous membranes |
meninges
|
|
|
NAME
was the most common but expected to be eradiacted in the US by vaccine that starts at two months of age |
haempophilus influenzae meningitis
|
|
|
What causes meningococcal meningiitis?
|
neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
Draw and label the firgue of the brain
|
firgue 22.2 on page 617
|
|
|
NAME
has a hight mortality and antibiotic resistance is an increasing threat |
phneunomoccoal menintitis
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by neisseria meningitidis |
meningococcal meningitis
|
|
|
What are the three layers of the spinal meninges?
|
(1)dura mater (2) arachnoid mater (3) pia mater
|
|
|
What is the subarachnoid space?
|
a space that contains CSF
|
|
|
What is meningococcal meninitis?
|
(1)endotoxins cause symptoms and serious tissue damage (2)leading cause of bacterial meningits in youth (3)there is vaccine (4) rash in only this form of mengitis w faint purple-red spots anywhere on the body
|
|
|
What causes Listerisois?
|
listeria monctyogenes
|
|
|
NAME
endotoxins cause symptoms and serious tissue damage |
meningococcal meningitis
|
|
|
NAME
is space that contains CSF and is susceptible to infection |
subarachniod space
|
|
|
NAME
is the leading cauase of bacterial meninitis in young adults |
meningococcal meningitis
|
|
|
Why is the subarachniod space susceptible to infection?
|
bc of few cicrulating antibodies that are found in it
|
|
|
NAME
rash in only this form of mengitis with purple-red spots anywhere on the body |
meningococcal menintitis
|
|
|
What is the only way that drugs can get from the blood to the brain?
|
only if they are lipid-soluble
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by listeria monctyogenes |
listerisois
|
|
|
in meningococcal meinitigis, what causes the faint purple-red bruises?
|
the toxins that break down the blood vessels walls that allow blood to laek out into the skin
|
|
|
The nervous system has a (1)
|
blood-brain barrier
|
|
|
in meningococcal menintigis what causes symptoms? tissue damge?
|
(1)endotoxins (2)if they enter the blood
|
|
|
What is the only way antibotics can enter the brain that are not lipid soluble?
|
brain inflammation alter the blood-brain barrier
|
|
|
Does the meningococcal meningitis vaccine work in childern?
|
no
|
|
|
W the meningoccoal meningococcal meningitis vaccine, what happens after you get the shoot and how long does it last?
|
(1)the antibody level decreases over 2-3 yrs (2)recommondemnded at 3-5 yrs
|
|
|
T or F
meningococcoal meningitis is on the increae |
true
|
|
|
What is the source of listerisois? which is its primary source? (6)
|
(1)soil,(2)water,(3)sewage (4)esp milk (5)domestic animals or human carriers (6)a wide range of foods
|
|
|
Whom is the meningococcal meningitis vaccine used on? (2)
|
(1) mililtary (2) recommended for college fresham esp those moving into the dorms
|
|
|
What is Pneumoccoal meningitis caused by?
|
streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Listerisois is usally (1)-borne
|
food
|
|
|
How is listerisois normally killed? (2)
|
(1)anitseptics (2)pasteurization
|
|
|
Can listeriosis grow at refrigerater temp?
|
yes
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of listeriosis? (3)
|
(1)usally a mild dease in adults but is bad for immunosuprresed, w cancer or pregant people (2)usally is meningitis (3)w pregenat women, crosses the placenta and infects the fetus causing sponateous abortions, stillbirths, septicemia, and meningits
|
|
|
NAME
is normally a mild disease in adults but is bad for immunpsuprresed people, w cancer, or pregant causing meningitis. |
listeriosis
|
|
|
NAME
can be found w torch, and w, pregant people, the microbe crosses the placenta and infects the fetus causing sponateous abortions, stillbrith, septicemia, and meningits |
listeriosis
|
|
|
NAME
sources include, 1)soil,(2)water,(3)sewage (4)esp milk (5)domestic animals or human carriers (6)a wide range of foods |
listeriosis
|
|
|
What is botulism caused by ?
|
clostridium botulinum
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by clostridium botulinum |
botulism
|
|
|
What is tentanus caused by?
|
clostridium tentai
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by clostridium tentai |
tentanus
|
|
|
What is botulism?
|
is the most toxic form of food posining in humans in which exotoxins that are neurotoxins prevent the release of acetlycholine which causes the relexation of involunatry muscle groups
|
|
|
NAME
is the most toxic form of food posining in humans |
botulism
|
|
|
NAME
exotoxins that are neurotoxins prevent the release of acettylcholine |
botulism
|
|
|
NAME
causes the relexation of involuntary muscle groups |
preventing the release of acetylcholine caused by Botulism
|
|
|
NAME
can cause floppy baby syndrome from honey, corn, syrup, dust, and botox |
botulism
|
|
|
Botulism can cause not only food posining but (1)
|
floppy baby syndrome
|
|
|
What are the sources of floppy baby syndrome caused by botulism?
|
(1)honey (2)corn syrup (3)dust (4)Botox
|
|
|
What tetanus?
|
it can be caused by punture wounds or soil causing lockjaw and neurotoxins can cause the contraction of involunatry muscles
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by punture wounds or the soil causing lockjaw |
tetanus
|
|
|
NAME
neurotoxins can cause the contraction of voluntary muscle groups |
tetanus
|
|
|
Poliomyelitis refers to (1)
|
polio
|
|
|
polio's real name is (1)
|
poliomyeltitis
|
|
|
Give some exs of viral disease of the nervous system?
|
(1)Polio (2)Rabies (3)arboviral encephalitis
|
|
|
Polio, rabies, and arboviral encephalitis are exs of (1) diseases that affects the (2)
|
(1)viral (2)nervous system
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of polio?
|
(1)a few headaches a day (2)sore throat (3)fever (4)more seriously, paralysis when the virus moves to the CNS (5)maternal antibodies protect infants who if expoxsed are usally asymptomatic in devolping countries
|
|
|
NAME
symtpoms include a few days of headache, sore throat, and fever and if seriosuly, paraylsis when the virus move to the CNS |
polio
|
|
|
NAME
maternial antibodies protect infants who if exposed are usally asymtonmatic in devoloping countires |
polio
|
|
|
How does polio affect the nervous system?
|
(1)affects only certain motor nerve cells of the spinal cord or infects the brain (2)the site of paralysis depends on the location of the destroyed nerve cells
|
|
|
NAME
only certain motor nerve cells of the spinal cord are affected and the brain is infected |
polio
|
|
|
in polio, what does the site of paralysis depend on?
|
the location of the destroyed nere cells
|
|
|
What is the post-polio syndrome? (2)
|
(1) may occur 25 years or more years after the intial attack (2)symtoms include fatigue, weakness, pain, and loss of muscle mass
|
|
|
NAME
may occur 25 years or more after the intial attack and symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pain, and loss of muscle mass |
post-polio syndrome
|
|
|
How is polio transmitted?
|
by the a fecal oral route
|
|
|
NAME
is transmitted by the fecal oral route |
polio
|
|
|
What led to outbreaks of polio in the United States in childeren and teens?
|
sanitation
|
|
|
What is a the fecal oral route?
|
the ingestion of water or food that is contaminated w feces
|
|
|
NAME
refers to the ingestion of water or food that is contaminated w feces |
fecal oral route
|
|
|
What is the salk vaccine?
|
created in 1954 and is a enchanced inactivated polio vaccine strain (E-IPV) that requires 3 injections
|
|
|
NAME
created in 1954 and is a enchanced inactivated polio vaccine strain (E-IPV) that requires 3 injections |
salk vaccine
|
|
|
What are the two of the three different serotypes of vaccines used to prevent polio? (2)
|
(1)salk vaccine (2)Sabin vaccine
|
|
|
What is the Sabin vaccine?
|
(1)is a live attenuated virus oral polio virus that is excreted in feces (2)higher levels of immunity acquied (3)danger if immuno-compromised
|
|
|
NAME
is a live attenuated virus oral polio virus that is excreted in feces |
sabin vaccine
|
|
|
NAME
a vaccine that has higher levels of immunity acquied and there is danger if immuno-compromised |
sabin vaccine
|
|
|
rabies is latin for (1)
|
rage
|
|
|
NAME
is latin for rage |
rabies
|
|
|
NAME
receives singals and converts them and sends them out to the body organs |
CNS
|
|
|
NAME
Sends creates singals ands sends them to the CNS and aka is senserory |
PNS
|
|
|
What does aggutination mean?
|
clumping
|
|
|
What test is used to find Meningoccoacal meningitis?
|
Latex aggutination test
|
|
|
NAME
can be found through the Latex aggutination test |
Meningoccocal meningitis
|
|
|
What is a booster dose?
|
means given in three injections
|
|
|
Which is better the Salk vaccine or the Sabin vaccine? (compare and contrast)
|
(1) Sabin vaccine= adavantage is have no live bacteria regneration and the disadavantage is that its in a booster dose (2) Sabin vaccine's advantage is that it is giving oral and the disadvantage is that the bacteria can regenerate
|
|
|
What causes rabies?
|
Rhabdo virus
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by Rhadbo virus |
rabies
|
|
|
What is the source of Rabies?
|
zoonosis
|
|
|
NAME
the source is zoonosis |
rabies
|
|
|
What is zoonosis?
|
are bites from animals in the wild
|
|
|
NAME
are bites from animals in the wild |
zoonosis
|
|
|
Where are there no Rabies?
|
(1)Austerila (2)Great Britian (3)New Zealand
|
|
|
NAME
can come from fox, skunks, coyotes, and bats |
rabies
|
|
|
T or F
there are rabies in Australia, Great Briitain, and New Zealand |
False
|
|
|
NAME
the incubation period ocurs usally w/in 30 to 50 days |
rabies
|
|
|
What is the incubation period for rabies?
|
30 to 50 days but can be shorter if ocurs on face or hands bc rabies moves through the blood to the CNS faster
|
|
|
What are the symtpoms of Rabies?
|
once symptoms of agiation and hydrophobia begin in almost always fatal w in a few days (2) there is no treatment (3)death results from ecephaltis
|
|
|
NAME
once symtpoms of agitation and hydrophobia begin is almost always fatal w in days. There is no treatment and death results from encephalitis |
Rabies
|
|
|
What is Arboviral Encephaltis?
|
Encephaltis caused by mosquito born viruses caused by arboviruses
|
|
|
What arboviruses?
|
anthropod born viruses
|
|
|
NAME
are anthropod born viruses |
arboviruses
|
|
|
NAME
is encephatlitis caused by mostquio born viruses caused by arboviruses |
Arboviral Encephaltis
|
|
|
What are the symtpoms of Arboviral Encephaltis?
|
(1)begins w chills, headache, fever, and then confusion and coma (2) surviors may have permanent neurogical problems
|
|
|
NAME
symptoms begins w chills, headache, fever, and then confusion and coma. Surviors may have permanent neurogical problems |
Arboviral Encephaltis
|
|
|
What is the source of Arboviral Encephaltis?(3)
|
Zoonotic (2)senitenal animals (3)birds and horses
|
|
|
NAME
sources may include zoontic, senitneal animals and birds and horses |
Arbobiral Encephalitis
|
|
|
What are sentinel animals?
|
caged chickens or rabbits
|
|
|
NAME
is caged chickens or rabbits |
sentinel animals
|
|
|
What are the differ types of ARboviral Encephalitis? (4)
|
(1)EEE (2) SLE (3)West Nile virus (4)Japanse B enchalptis
|
|
|
What does EEE stand for?
|
Eastern equine Encephaltis
|
|
|
What does SLE stand for?
|
ST Louis. Enceohalitis
|
|
|
What is EEE?
|
Eastern equine encephalits that is more severe affecting mostly younger childern and younger adults
|
|
|
NAME
is more sever form of Arboviral enchpalitis affecting mostly younger childern and young adults |
EEE
|
|
|
What is SLE mostly found?
|
throughout the country but mostly urban areas usally affecting adults
|
|
|
NAME
is a form of Arboviral encphalits that can be found throughout the country but mostly urban areas usally affecting adults |
SLE
|
|
|
NAME
is the most unique form of Arboviral enchphalitis |
west nile virus
|
|
|
What are the symtpoms of west nile virus?
|
(1)fever (2)headache (3)weakness (4)sometimes near nausea or rash as it moves to the CNS
|
|
|
NAME
symptoms include fever, headache, weakness. Sometimes near nausea or rash as it moves to the CNS |
west nile virus
|
|
|
How is the west nile virus spread?
|
vectored by 38 species of mosquitoes
|
|
|
NAME
is spread by 38 species of mosquitoes |
West nile virus
|
|
|
What is epizootic?
|
a epidemic in animals
|
|
|
NAME
is a epidemic in animals |
epizootic
|
|
|
What has helped to reduce/ find cases of West NIle virus?
|
Blood banking screening
|
|
|
NAME
cases of arbovrial Encephatlits found in Japan, Korea, and China |
Japanese B enchephalitis
|
|
|
Give ex of a fungal disease of the central nervous system?
|
Cryptococcus neoformans Mengisits
|
|
|
What is Cryptococcus neoformans mengisits
|
is a yeast like fungus that has a very think capsule that affects the nervous system
|
|
|
NAME
is a yeast like fungus that has a think capsule that affects the nervous system |
Cryptococcus neorformans mengitius
|
|
|
How is Cryptooccous neoformans menigitus spread?
|
the inhlation of fungus in dried infected pegion droppings
|
|
|
NAME
is spread through the inhalation of fungus in dried infected pegion droppings |
Cryptococcous neoformans menigitus
|
|
|
Give ex of a Protozoan disease that affects the nervous system?
|
African trypanosomiasis
|
|
|
What is African trypanosomiasis?
|
a protozoan disease that affects the nervous system
|
|
|
T or F
Protozon disease of the nervous system are common in the USA |
false
|
|
|
How does one detect if they have a protozon disease of the nervous system?
|
autposy
|
|
|
African trypanosiais also called (1)
|
sleeping sickness
|
|
|
What does CJD stand for?
|
Creuztfeldt-Jacob disease
|
|
|
What does BSE?
|
Bovine spongiform encephalepathy
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by CJD |
Sheep scrapie
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by BSE |
Mad Cow disease
|
|
|
What is another name for mad cow disease?
|
Kuru
|
|
|
NAME
is also called Kuru |
Mad cow disease
|
|
|
What causes sheep scrapie in humans?
|
CJD
|
|
|
CJD is found from eating infected (1) w (2)
|
(1)sheep (2)sheep scrapie
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by BSE |
Mad Cow disease
|
|
|
What causes Mad cow disease?
|
BSE
|
|
|
since the discovery of protienacious infectious particles may be that some genetic are linked to (1)
|
prions
|
|
|
What causes CJD?
|
Prp protenacious infectios paricles
|
|
|
NAME
is caused by Prp protienacious infectious particles |
CJD
|
