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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Enzymes are part of what major class of macromolecules
-Lipids -Nucleic acids -Proteins -Carbohydrates |
Proteins
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Enzymes function to
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speed up the rate of biological reactions
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_____ is the energy needed for a chemical reaction to take place
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Activation energy
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VERY VERY IMPORTANT!
HOW DOES AN ENZYME SPEED UP A REACTION? |
IT "LOWERS THE ACTIVATION ENERGY" REQUIRED FOR A REACTION.
nothing else! |
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What is meant by enzyme specificity?
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An enzyme only reacts with one reactant
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This rigid specificity gives rise to what model of how enzymes work?
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Lock and key model
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what are the three steps in the lock and key model of enzyme catalyzed reactions?
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1.) Enzyme complexes with substrate (fits snug like a ket)
2.) Reaction takes place and products are formed 3.) product dissociates from the enzyme. |
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How are enzymes named?
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Enzymes are named according to the substrate they combine with and with the ending -ase
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Enzymes that consist of a single polypeptide chain are called _______________
More complex enzymes are called __________________ |
Simple enzymes; conjugated proteins
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What are the four factors that affect the rate at which an enzyme catalyzes a reaction
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Substrate concentration
Enzyme concentration Temperature pH |
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What happens if we add more substrate to a reaction?
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The more substate is added the higher the activity of the enzyme.
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When does enzyme activity reach a maximum?
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When all enzymes are bound to substrate. Addition of more substrate would not increase activity past this point.
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How does the level of activity of an enzyme change if more enzyme is added?
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More enzyme more activity.
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What is the maximum amount of production one can get from adding enzyme?
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No more production can occur once all substrate is bound to an enzyme.
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How does the temperature effect an enzyme's activity?
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As the temperature increases enzyme activity increases as the enzyme and substrate have more energy/movement to find one another.
This is up to a limit. Past the OPTIMUM TEMPERATURE, activity decreases as the enyzyme DENATURES. |
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How does pH affet the activity of an enzyme?
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Enzymes function best at their individual pH. Any deviations from their ideal pH will lower activity.
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A _________ is a compound that slows down or stops enzyme activity
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inhibitor
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What are the two types of enzyme inhibition
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Competitive Inhibition
Noncompetitive Inhibition |
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_______________________ involves the inhibitor competing with the substrate for the active site on the enzyme
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Competitive inhibition
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____________________ involves the inhibitor binding to the enzyme at a site other than its active site
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NON-COMPETITIVE INHIBITOR
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