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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define biofilm
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organized bacterial community enmeshed in matrix of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS)
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What is EPS composed of?
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Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids
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define quorum sensing
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coordinated chemical signalling
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Define autoinducer
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signaling molecule used in quorum sensing
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Define planktonic
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single bacterial cells growing in fluid
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Why would bacteria deeper in the biofilm have different physiology?
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O2 and nutrient availability
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What % of infections that physicians encounter are biofilm?
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66%
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Give two examples of locations for benign environmental biofilms. What problems do they cause?
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Rocks, ship hulls. Corrosion
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Give four examples of medical devices affected by biofilms
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catheters
heart valve implants hemodialysis equipment dental implants |
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Give six examples of human biofilms that cause disease
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Cystic Fibrosis in lung
Tuberculosis Urinary tract Ear Tonsillitis Oral biofilms |
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What causes cystic fibrosis? Where located?
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biofilm of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in lung
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What causes tuberculosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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What causes ur. tract infections?
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Escherichia coli
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What environmental biofilms impact human health?
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hot water systems in hospitals (mycobacterium avium)
Drinking h20 reservoirs (Salmonella typhimurium) |
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T/F: Bacillus anthracis is attracted to biofilms on copper tubing
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T
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Give three reasons for increased resistance to antibiotics of biofilms
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1) EPS matrix impedes penetration
2) Nutrient and O2 availability make interior bacteria metabolically inactive 3) Persister cells remain viable and allow biofilm to persist |
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Give three new approaches to anti-biofilm therapy
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1) Interfering with EPS synthesis
2) Inhibiting biofilm adherence to the substrate (ie coating medical devices in chemical) 3) Targeting autoinducers (no signalling) |
