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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Virus
Simple biomolecular particles with no metabolism, no growth, no cellular structure-
CAPSID
all viruses have...a protein coat surrounding the nucleic acid
virus genome size
2,500 to 250,000bp
10 nm - 300 nm
virus categorized by
genome structure,sizes and shapes, presence of envilope
Viral Host Range
spectrum of host cells a virus can infect
Any one type of virus usually infects a specific set of cell types
cause of epidemics and pandemics
nontypical viruses that can jump from species to species.
Viruses can infect
invertebrate, vertebrate, plant, protist, fungal or bacterial hosts.
How does a virus attach
Random encounter, Specific Receptors on surface of the host cell
capsomere
protein 1 or 2 viral-encoded subunits of capsid
Envelope
lipid bilayer with proteins & carbohydrates surrounding the capsid found in some viruses.
Spikes
glycoproteins Project from the envelope or capsid serve to bind to host.
Highly variable so as to evade host immune system
Helical
viral shape: long rods
Ebola, rabies
Polyhedral
viral shape:Many sided
Icosahedron – 20 faces most common
adenovirus, poliovirus
Enveloped
viral shape:helical or polyhedral
influenzavirus, herpes simplex virus
Complex
Variety of more complicated structures
bacteriophage
Attachment
1(adsorption)- virus attaches to receptor sites on cell
Entry
2
virus enters cell
Synthesis
3
production of viral components
Assembly
4
assembly of viral genomes, proteins, enzymes into mature progeny virions. (If the virus has an envelope, it is not complete until it buds through the cell membrane)
Release
5
new virions exit host cell
T4 phage
infects e coli, dsDNA genome
naked complex
virion
viral particle
phage plaques
clear areas where bacteria have lysed due to infection
Lysogenic Replication
temperate, infect the cells but do not kill the cells
prophage
Viral/Phage DNA is incorporated into the host’s chromosome
Lambda Phage
Model Lysogenic Phage

Infects E. coli
Linear dsDNA
Naked, complex virus
Phage Conversion
impact of lysogeny host cell may exhibit new properties +/-
Transduction
Phage inadvertantly packages bacterial DNA sequences along with viral DNA into its capsid

specialized or general
(+) strand RNA viruses
virus encodes an enzyme to replicate the ssRNA genome then host directly translates the mRNA
(-) strand RNA viruses
RNA strand must function as template to make a complementary strand of + RNA before any translation can occur
virion
a completely developed, extracellular, infectious form of a virus
virus
intracellular parasite, meaning must operate within cell
Influenza virus
Enveloped, ssRNA, - strand, segmented
HIV
Enveloped, ssRNA, + strand, segmented)
Herpes
Enveloped, ds DNA virus
hemagglutinin HA antigens
surface protein designates flu strain many types
neuraminidase NA antigens
surface protein designates flu strain many types
antigen
a molecule that sometimes stimulates an immune response
uncoating
occurs when virus utilizes endcytosis
antibodies
prevent binding of virus
Antigenic Drift: Minor
caused by point mutations in the genes encoding hemagglutinin and neuraminidase. 2-3 year epidemics
Antigenic Shift: Major
caused by reassortment of RNA genome, causing virus to be recognized poorly by bodies defense (antibodies and T cells)
pandemics 10-50 years
retrovirus
Copies RNA into double-stranded DNA
Degrades original viral RNA
Provirus
Viral DNA incorporated into the host chromosome
CD4
receptor cell that hiv binds to.
present on surface of lymphocytes
HSV-1
fever blisters, respiratory infections
HSV-2
genital infections
Varicella Zoster Virus
herpes. chicken pox
PRIONS
Proteinaceous infectious particle, only a protein
PrPc
normal
PrPSc
acquires a different shape/conformation than normal form, alters proteins function, infectious!
VIROID
Does not code for a protein, causes plant disease.

May have evolved from introns