Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Parathyroid derived from?
|
Pharyngeal Pouch
|
|
|
|
Location of parathyroid
|
Four poles if thyroid, or anywhere along embriological descent(tongue to mediastinum)
|
|
|
|
Two types of cells in parathyroid
|
Cheif:Granules of PTH, glycogen
Oxyphil Cells: Mitochondria and glycogen Fat cells: 30% by age 25 |
|
|
|
Decreases PTH secretion
|
Increase in free ionized calcium
|
|
|
|
PTH Functions
|
Activates osteoclasts
increase renal tubular reabsorption of Calcium, Activates Vit D, increase PO4 3- excretion |
increases serum calcium
|
|
|
Pathogenesis of Hypercalcemia due to malignancy
|
Osteolytic Mets: mets release RANK to activate bone resorpion
PTHrP: From squamous (bronchogenic or renal cell carcinoma) |
|
|
|
Causes of Primary hyperparathyroidism
|
Adenoma(75-80%)
Primary Hyperplasia(10-15%) Carcinoma(<5%) |
|
|
|
Familial Primary Hyperparathyroidism
|
MEN-1: MEN-1 gene, tumor suppressor
MEN-2a: ret gene Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia: AD CASR(calcium sensing receptor in PT and Kidney) gene mutation |
3 types
|
|
|
Cause of sporadic Parathyroid Adenoma
|
PRAD(Parathyroid Adenoma), cyclin D1, MEN-1
|
|
|
|
Adenoma Morphology
|
Rim of compressed PT tissue, decrease adipose tissue, solitary lesion.
Can only tell carcinoma if invasion |
|
|
|
Primary PT hyperplasia morphology
|
Four glands affected, decrease in fat cells
|
|
|
|
Skeletal changes in primary Hyperparathyroidism
|
Decrease bone matrix
Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica Brown tumor: fibrous tissue associated with foci of hemorrhage |
|
|
|
Renal and other changes in primary HyperParathyroidism
|
Urinary tract stones (renal calculi), nephro-calcinosis, Metestatic calcinosis: lungs, stomach, myocardium, bloodvessels
|
|
|
|
Labratory Findings in primary Hyperparathyroidism
|
Htpercalcemia, hypercalciuria, decreased serum phosphorus, Increase serum Alk Phos, Increase parathormone
|
|
|
|
Symptoms in primary Hypercalcemia
|
Bone pain(Ostioporosis, fractures), chronic renal insufficiency(renal calcula), abdominal groans(pancreatitis, gallstones, constipation, ulcers), psychic moans (depressionand seizures)
|
|
