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104 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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management process (4 steps)
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planning, organizing, leading, controlling
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global market entry strategies (3)
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-importing/exporting
-franchising/ licensing -global sourcing |
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steps in ethical desicion making (7)
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-recognize issue
-get facts -evaluate options -make desicion -double-check take action -reflect |
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steps in analytical problem solving (5)
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-identiify problem/ define
-diagnose -make desicion -implement -evaluate |
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4 levels of social responsibility
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-economic
-ethical -legal -selflessness |
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prejuidice
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display of negative beahvior towards members of diverse populations
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discrimination
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actively denies minorities full benefits of membership to an org.
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effectiveness
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OUTPUT measure, of task or goal accomplisment
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efficiency
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INPUT measure, cost associated with goal accomplishment
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top managers
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guide performance of the org. as a whole
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middle managers
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oversee work of large departments or divisions. work with top managers
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team leader
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report to middle managers, supervise managerial workers.
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line managers
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responsible for work that makes a direct contribution to output
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staff managers
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use special-technical expertise to advise and support line managers
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functional managers
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responsible for a single area of activity
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general managers
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responsible for activities covering many functional areas
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administrator
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a manager in a public or nonprofit organization
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quality of work life (QWL)
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indicator of overall quality of human experiences in the workplace.
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high concept
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ability to see the big picture, identify patterns
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high touch
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ability to emphasize and enjoy others in the pursuit of purpose
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ethical expectations (5)
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-integrity/ ethical leadership
-sustainable development -natural enviornment protection -consumer protection -human rights |
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effective managers achieve what 2 things?
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high-performance results, high levels of satisfaction
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who pays special attention to external enviorment
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top managers
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top managers rely more on what than do line managers?
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conceptual skills
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to be successfull in new economy requires (2)?
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be willing to achieve greater personal competency and acoomplishment, be a self-starter
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domestic stage
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all production and marketing in home country
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international stage
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as exports increase, company adapts multidomestic approach.
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multinational stage
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production and marketing facilities in multiple countries. more than 1/3 sales outside home country
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global stage
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operates worldwide on borderless basis. based on best cost
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global sourcing
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purchasing materials around the world for local use
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licensing agreement
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one firm pays fee for rights to make or sell another companys products
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franchising
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a fee is paid for rights to use another firms name and operating methods.
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joint ventures
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operates in foreign bountry through co-ownership by foreign and local partners
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foreign subsidiaries
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local operations completely owned by a foreign firm.
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direct investment strategy would be what?
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joint venture
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what makes major decisions from a global perspective, distributes work worldwide
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transnational corp.
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utilitarian approach
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greatest good for greatest number of people
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rights approach
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respects and protects rights of all people
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justice approach
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fair and impartial treatment of people
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zone of compliance
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econmic- be profitable, legal-obey the law
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zone of conviction
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ethical-do what is right
discretionary- contribute to community |
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corporate governance
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oversight of top management by an org. by a board of directors.
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amoral managers
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act unethically, but not intensionally
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degree to which other people are treated with dignity and respect
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interactional justice
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classical desicion model
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results in optimizing desicion
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behavioral desicion model
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results in satisficing desicion
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availability heuristic
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people use info readily available from memory as a basis for assesing a situation
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representative heuristic
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people asses the likelihood of something happening based upon its similarity to stereotypes
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anchoring and adjustment heuristic
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people makes desicions based on adjustments to a previously exisiting value
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framing error
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tendency to evaulate and resolve a prolbem in the context in which it is percieved- positive or negative
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confirmation error
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tendency to focus only on info that confirms a desicion already made
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escalating commitment
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tendency to increase effort and apply more resources to a course of action that is not working
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conceptual blocks
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mental obstacles that constrain the way problems are defined and limit the number of altenative solutions
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constancy
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using only one way of approaching, defining, or solving prolbems
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commitment
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once committed to a way of solving a problem, one tends to stick with it
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compression
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looking too narrowly at a problem screeing out too much relevant data, or making assumptions that inhbit problem solution
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complacency
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caused by a lack of questioning or a bias against thinking , fear, ignorance, or jsut plain laziness
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blockbusting
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generate multiple problem definitions
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systematic thinker
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appraoches problems in a rational and analytic fashion
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evaluating courses of actions includes: (3)
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costs, timeliness, ethical soundness
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most favorable enviornment for managerial desicion making
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certainity, and can be addressed through programmed desicions
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personal creativity drivers (3)
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creativity skills, task expertise, task motivation
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infromation technology faciliates the following (3):
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plays a role in CRM, controls costs in SCM, allows outsourcing and other businesses
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terminal values
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prefernces about desired end states. ex. goals one wants to achieve in life
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instrumental values
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means to desired ends. how you will achieve goals
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moral rights view of ethical behavior
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does a desicion of behavior maintain rights of humans?
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individualism view of ethics
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does it promote one's long-term self interests
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utilitarian view of ethics
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does it benefit greatest good for the most people?
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justice view of ethics
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does a desicion or behavior show fairness and impartiality?
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procedural justice
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the degree to which rules are fairly adminsitered.
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distributive justice
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the degree to which outscomes are allocated fairly among people (sex, race, age, etc.)
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interactional justice
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do people treat eachother with dignity and respect?
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cultural relativism
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the belief that there is no one right way to behave, ethics determined by cutltural context.
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universalism
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if not ok in ones own enviornement, not ok to practice elsewhere either. ex. child labor
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ethical imperalism
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an attempt to impose one's ethical standards on other cultures.
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ethics intensity/ issue intensity
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the degree to which an isssue or stituation is recognized to pose important ethical challanges
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ethical framework
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personal rule/ strategy for making ethical desicions/
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Kohlbergs preconventional stage (self-centered behavior)
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1- avoid harm or punishment
2-makes deals for personal gains |
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kohlbergs conventional stage (social-centered behavior)
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3- act consistently with peers
4- follow rules, meet obligations |
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kohlbergs postconventional stage (principle-centered behavior)
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5- live up to societal expectations
6- act according to itnernal principlies |
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immoral manager
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chooses to behave unethically.
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ethical mindfulness
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enriched awareness that leads to consistent ethical behavior
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corporate social responsibility
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the obligation of an organization to serve its own interests and those of society.
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complaince
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acting to avoid adverse consequences
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conviction
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acting to create positive impact
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obstructionist stratgey
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focuses mainly on economic priorities. avoids social responsibility
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defensive strategy
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does minimum legally nessecary to satisfy expectations.
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accomodative strategy
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accept social responsiblities. tires to satisfy economic, legal, and ethical criteria
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proactive strategy
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meets all criteria of social responsiblity, includong discretionary performance
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foreign direct investement
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building, buying all, or buying part ownership of a business in another country
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insourcing
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job creation through FDI
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sensation thinkers
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impersonal rather than personal. like facts, clear goals
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sensation feelers
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realistic, perfer facts, emphasize both analysis and human relation. sensistive to feelings and values
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intuitive thinkers
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comfortable with unstructured situations. idealistic. logical, impersonal, avoid details
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intutive feelers
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insightful, tend to avoid details, value flexibility and human relationships
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classical decision model= what kind of decision?
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optimizing
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behavioral decision model= what kind of desicion?
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satisficing (chooses first satisfactiory decision that comes to ones attention)
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bounded rationality
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making desicions with constraints, such as little info
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accounting manager for a local newspaper would be what kind of manager?
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staff manager
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plant manager in a mnaufacturing firm would be considered?
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line manager
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full ownership in foreign country?
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foreign subsidiary
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places great value on meaning expressed in the written or spoken word
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low-context
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transantional corp tries to operate?
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without strong national identity
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"ethical imperalism"
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abolsutism
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