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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of groups?
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Formal and Informal
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What is a formal group?
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a group defined by the organization's structure
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what is an informal group?
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a group that doesn't have a formal structure and isn't defined by the organization
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What are the two types of formal groups?
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Command groups and task groups
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What is a command group?
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a group determined by the structure of an organization, like who reports to who, etc ...
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What is a task group?
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a group designed to complete a task
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What are the two types of informal groups?
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interest groups and friendship groups
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What are interest groups?
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groups where people affiliate to attain a specific objective of shared interest
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What can cause a friendship group to form?
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When people share one or more common characteristics
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What are some reasons people join groups?
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security
status self-esteem affiliation power goal achievement |
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What are the five components of group development?
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Forming
Storming Norming Performing Adjourning |
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What are five group properties?
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Roles
Norms Status Size Cohesiveness |
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What are roles?
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The set of expected behavior patterns of a position in a group
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What the potential problem with roles?
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Role Conflict: when your perception of your role (role perception) conflicts with how everyone else believes you should act (role expectations)
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What are norms?
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Acceptable standards of behavior within a group
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Why are norms important?
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Norms are a powerful means of influencing behavior
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What were the Hawthorne Studies?
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Made lights brighter, productivity went up. Made lights dim again, productivity stayed high
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What can we learn from the Hawthorne Studies?
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when performance is measured, performance improves.
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What is conformity?
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When a person feels like it is a member of a group, that individual will try to conform to the norms of that groups
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What is status?
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a socially defined position or rank given to groups or group members by others
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What factors determine status?
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power, ability, personal characteristics
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What are the strengths of smaller groups?
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small groups are faster at completing tasks; members perform better
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What are the strengths of larger groups?
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consistently better at problem solving
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What are the causes for social loafing?
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unequal distribution of work (equity theory)
dispersion of responsibility (clouds the relationship between individual inputs and group output) |
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What is cohesiveness?
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the degree to which members of the group are attracted to each other and are motivated to stay in the group
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What are the key elements of motivation?
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Intensity, Direction, Persistence
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What's a good model that explains what motivates people?
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Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
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What are the five levels of Maslow's Hierarchy of needs?
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1) physiological
2) safety 3) love / belonging 4) esteem 5) self-actualization |
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What is Douglas McGregor's Theory?
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Theory X and Y
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What is theory x say?
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people are internally motivated
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what does theory y say?
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people are externally motivated
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what were the needs in David McClelland's theory of needs?
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Achievement, Power, Affiliation
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What are some aspects of motivation?
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Self-determination, goal setting, self efficacy, equity, expectancy
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What are the Job Dimensions?
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Skill variety, task variety, autonomy, feedback
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How you can keep people motivated at work?
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Job rotation, and job enrichment
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what's the communication process?
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Message to be sent, encoding message, channel, receives message, decodes message
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What are the three directions of communication?
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downward and upward, lateral
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What direction of communication facilitates the other?
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downward communication facilitates upward communication
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What are the types of interpersonal communication?
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oral, written, nonverbal
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What are the three common means of organizational communication?
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chain, wheel, all channel
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What's an informal form of communication?
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grapevine
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PERM?
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Provide info
Explain actions Refrain from shooting the messenger Mantain open communicaiton channels |
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What are the methods of electronic communications
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video conferencing, text messaging, and emails
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What are some barriers to communication?
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filtering info before you give it, interpreting information based on wants and needs (selective perception), information overload, emotions (they affect how we interpret messages), language, silence, communication apprehension
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