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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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decision making in response to novel or new opportunities and problems
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Nonprogrammed Decision Making
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decision making in response to recurring opportunities and problems
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Programmed Decision Making
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a standard sequence of behaviors that organizational members follow routinely whenever they encounter a particular problem or opportunity
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Performance program
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Our rationality is limited by our cognitive abilities.
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Bounded Rationality
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rules of thumb that simplify decision making
ex.Making a judgment simply by comparing stimulus with the category prototype |
Heuristics
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of loss or negative outcome
2-) Rather than change the course of action, the decision maker commits more time, money or effort to the course of action 3-) Further losses are experienced because of this escalation of commitment to a failing course of action |
Escalation of commitment
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If decision is framed in terms of losses people are...?
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RISK TAKERS
They will gamble riskily rather than accept a smaller loss. |
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If decision is framed in terms of gains: People are...?
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RISK AVOIDERS
They protect a smaller gain rather than gamble on a larger gain. |
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One group was told that the beef was 75 percent lean and another group was told that it was 25 percent fat. Even though these two statements contain identical information, the “lean” group produced significantly more positive ratings than the “fat” group
What is this process called? |
framing.
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Decision Making
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The process by which members of an organization choose a specific course of action to respond to both opportunities and problems.
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Describe the culture with Bob Nardelli as CEO of Home Depot
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Management model = military
“Culture of fear” Full-timers changed to part-timers to drive down labor costs By 2001, 98% of Home Depot's 170 top executives were new to their positions |
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Exerting influence over other members of a group or organization
Helping a group or organization achieve its goals |
Defining Leadership
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What trait was most consistently and positively related to both leadership emergence and effectiveness
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Extroversion
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Name two traits that were positively correlated with leadership effectiveness
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Conscientiousness and openness to experience
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Behaviors that leaders engage in to make sure that work gets done and subordinates perform their jobs acceptably.
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Initiating Structure
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Personal characteristics influence the effectiveness of leaders
Identified two distinct leader styles Relationship-oriented Task-oriented |
Fred Fiedler’s Contingency Theory of Leadership
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Good – followers appreciate, trust, and feel a certain degree of loyalty toward the leader.
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Leader-member relations
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The extent to which the work to be performed by a group is clearly defined.
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Task Structure
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The amount of formal authority the leader has.
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Position Power
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What are GM's four remaining brands?
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Four remaining brands:
Chevrolet Cadillac Buick GMC |
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What are GM's four remaining brands?
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Four remaining brands:
Chevrolet Cadillac Buick GMC |
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Did not declare bankruptcy
Has not dipped its hand into bailout money Stands alone as the only Big Three Automaker that is still independent entity |
The Ford Motor Company
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Did not declare bankruptcy
Has not dipped its hand into bailout money Stands alone as the only Big Three Automaker that is still independent entity |
The Ford Motor Company
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What car did Ford resurrect?
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Ford Taurus
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What care did Ford resurrect?
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Ford Taurus
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What are four functions of communication?
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to provide knowledge
motivating organizational members. controlling & coordinating group activities expressing feelings |
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What are four functions of communication?
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to provide knowledge
motivating organizational members. controlling & coordinating group activities expressing feelings |
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What is jargon?
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Jargon is specialized terminology or language that members of a profession, occupation, or other group develop to improve communication among themselves.
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What is jargon?
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Jargon is specialized terminology or language that members of a profession, occupation, or other group develop to improve communication among themselves.
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What is verbal communication?
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Verbal communication is the sharing of information by means of words, either spoken or written. Thus, the term “verbal communication” does encompass written messages as well
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What is verbal communication?
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Verbal communication is the sharing of information by means of words, either spoken or written. Thus, the term “verbal communication” does encompass written messages as well
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What is nonverbal communication?
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Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information by means of facial expressions, body language, and even mode of dress.
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What is nonverbal communication?
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Nonverbal communication is the sharing of information by means of facial expressions, body language, and even mode of dress.
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Describe some barriers to effective communication?
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Noise is anything that interferes with the communication process.
Filtering occurs when senders withhold part of a message because they think the receiver does not need the information or will not want to receive it. Filtering can occur when a supervisor fails to give subordinates information about plant closings because the supervisor does not want to upset the workers. Information distortion is the change in meaning that occurs when a message travels through a series of different senders to a receiver. |
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Describe some barriers to effective communication?
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Noise is anything that interferes with the communication process.
Filtering occurs when senders withhold part of a message because they think the receiver does not need the information or will not want to receive it. Filtering can occur when a supervisor fails to give subordinates information about plant closings because the supervisor does not want to upset the workers. Information distortion is the change in meaning that occurs when a message travels through a series of different senders to a receiver. |
