Mg650

Front 1

define:

parameter

Back 1

a number that describes some characteristic of a population

this value is only obtainable if all individuals in the population are measured for the variable of interest

Front 2

define:

sample statistic

Back 2

a number that describes the sample with regard to the variable of interest

Front 3

define:

bias

Back 3

any systematic deviation of values of sample statistics away from the population parameter

Front 4

what are two sources of random variation

Back 4

1) measurement error

2) random sample variation

Front 5

what are three ways to minimize bias

Back 5

1) selecting representative samples
2) measuring procedure that adequately quantifies the variable of interest
3) personnel are well trained

Front 6

2 ways to maximize precision

Back 6

1) large number of subjects in data sample
2) use consistent methodology to collect data

Front 7

define:

anecdotal data

Back 7

collected haphazardly, individual cases which may be outliers

Front 8

two types of random sampling

Back 8

1) completely random
2) random systematic

Front 9

what is the purpose of stratified sampling

Back 9

to give correct weight to the sample statistic computed from each strata of a heterogeneous population

Front 10

sample study and experiment study are different. what is the goal of a sample study

Back 10

to estimate the value of a population parameter

Front 11

what is the goal of an experimental study

Back 11

determine the cause-effect relationship between treatment variable and response variable

Front 12

define:

treatment variable

Back 12

conditions imposed on the study subject

Front 13

define:

response variable

Back 13

characteristic of the study subjects that is hypothesized to change as a result of the treatment

Front 14

what are the 3 conditions necessary for completely random experimental design (20)

Back 14

1) only one treatment variable (multiple levels of treatment are ok)
2) completely random assignment is possible
3) all extraneous factors can be controlled

Front 15

define:

randomized block experimental design

Back 15

comparisons to determine the treatment effect are made within blocks composed of different groups. these groups are defined by variables extraneous to the study which influence response to treatment

Front 16

define:

factorial experimental design

Back 16

two or more treatment variables that are thought to interact with one another to influence a single response variable. measurements of the response variable are collected for all possible combinations of different treatment variables and levels

Front 17

define:

natural experiment

Back 17

compare samples from two or more populations in their natural environment.

Front 18

define:

a summary statistic

Back 18

a summarization of the raw data. examples are averages and such

Front 19

example of a Distribution:

summary statistics for a set of 1000 values might include picking 20 values that actually occur in the set and 20 values for the number of times that each of the first 20 values occurs in the set. thus 40 values summarizes the 1000 values and is easier to assimilate than 1000!

Back 19

none

Front 20

what are the 5 characteristics of a distribution

Back 20

1) center: the middle of a range of data values where the most frequently occuring values are often found

2) spread: the ammount of variability in the values away from the center

3) shape: the number of peaks and whether the distribution is symmetric

4) gaps: segments within the range of data values where no values occur

5) outliers: data values that are very different from the other values