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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How does the body convert the intraembryonic coelum into a closed cavity?
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From the fusing of somatopleuric and splanchnopleuric mesoderms (both from lateral plate mesoderm)
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What structures are secondarily retroperitoneal and how did they come to be?
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Organs that once had a mesentary but then lost it by fusing to posterior parietal peritoneum
Pancreas, duodenum, ascending and descending colon |
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What are the contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament?
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Common hepatic duct
Proper hepatic artery Portal vein |
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What four structures is the diaphragm formed from?
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Septum transversum
Pleuroperitoneal folds Esophageal mesenchyme Body wall mesenchyme |
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Most common site for diaphragmatic herniation?
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Left posterolateral area
Failure of fusion of pleuroperitoneal membranes |
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Pulmonary hypoplasia
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From congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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How do the esophagus and trachea form?
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Respiratory diverticulum
-> esophagotracheal septum |
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Esophageal atresia (caused by, results in)
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Abnormal division of esophagotracheal septum
Fetus is unable to swallow -> polyhydraminos (excessive amniotic fluid) |
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Esophago-tracheal fistulas
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Esophagus can end in blunt tube or run into trachea
Associated w/ esophageal atresia |
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Formation of pancreas (3)
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Formed from 2 endodermal buds of duodenum: ventral and dorsal
As duodenum rotates, ventral bud moves to below and posterior to dorsal bud Prox part of dorsal pancreatic duct may remain as accessory duct to duodenum |
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Formation of annular pancreas (results in?)
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Ventral bud splits and wraps around pancreas
Can cause duodenal stenosis |
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Abnormalities of rotation of midgut (4)
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Meckel's diverticulum - remnant of prox yolk sac remains as pouch from ileum
Subhepatic appendix - appendix adheres to liver Volvolus - intestines bind and twist around mesentary -> necrosis/gangrene Omphalocele - midgut fails to retract into ab cavity, intestine is only covered by amnion at birth |
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What are the three stages of kidney development?
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Pronephros - from intermediate mesoderm, non-functional, induces:
Mesonephros - opens into cloaca Metanephros - ureteric bud and metanephric blastema |
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What are the two main structures that formed the kidney?
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Ureteric bud - renal pelvis, calices, collecting duct
Metanephric blastema - nephron |
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What gives rise to the bladder and urethra?
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Urorectal septum partitions cloaca into primitive urogenital sinus and posterior rectum
Primitive urogenital sinus forms urethra and bladder |
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What instigates male development?
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Gonadal sex is determined by testicular determining factor (TDF) on Y chromosome which produces SRY gene
Testes also produce mullerian inhibiting factor to cause regression of paramesonephric duct |
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Differential duct development in male and female
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Males: mesonephric (wolffian)
Females: paramesonephrice (mullerian) |
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Derivative: paramesonephric duct
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Female: uterine tubes, uterus, cervix, superior 2/3 of vagina
Male: appendix testes |
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Derivative: mesonephric duct
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Female: Gartner's duct -> cysts
Male: Epidydimis, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct |
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Derivative: mesonephric tubules
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Female: epoopohoron, paraoophoron
Male: efferent ductules |
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Derivative: urogenital folds
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Female: labia minora
Male: penile raphe |
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Derivative: labioscrotal folds
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Female: labia majora, mons pubis
Male: scrotum, scrotal raphe |
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Derivative: phallus
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Female: clitoris
Male: glans of body of penis |
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Derivative: gubernaculum
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Female: ovarian ligament
Male: gubernaculum testes |
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Hypospadius (epispadius)
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Failure of urogenital tubes to fold properly in males
Opening of urethral orifice on ventral surface of glans penis Epispadius - dorsal opening |
