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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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When does the heart beat? When is septation finished?
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Heart beats ~23d
Septation done by about wk 5 |
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What forms early heart tube?
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Mesodermal cells
Splanchnic - visceral Somatic/parietal - pericardium |
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Origin of right ventricle?
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Bulbus cordis (the mid portion of the early heart tube)
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Development of truncus arteriosus
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Initially carries blood out of heart and into aortic sac
Aortic root and ascending aorta Eventually has septal division for aortic and pulmonary arteries |
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Sinus venosus
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Forms from caudal end of heart tube
Drains vitelline (yolk sac), umbilical, and cardinal veins at left and right sinus horns |
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What forms SA and AV nodes
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Sinus venosus
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Endocardial cushions
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Form around atrioventricular canal and fuse to make two openings -> mitral and tricuspid valves
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Stages of interatrial septation (5)
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Septum primum grows from roof of atrium to endocardial cushions
Ostium primum is first hole in septum primum (closes early) Foramen secundum forms superiorly Septum secundum grows down from right atrial roof Leaves foramen ovale inferiorly as trap door |
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Stages of interventricular septation (2)
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Muscular septum forms by apposition of adjacent walls of growing centricles
Membranous septum forms after muscular forms by growth of endocardial cushions and spiral septum |
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Truncoconal septum (formed by what kind of cells?)
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Spirals to split aortic and pulmonary sections
Formed by neural crest cells |
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Crista terminalis
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Formed from sinus venosus
SA node is where crista terminalis meets superior vena cava |
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Conus cordus
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From bulbus cordis
Major contributor to right ventricle |
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What is the smooth part of the right atrium from?
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Venus horn which pushes pectinate muscles out of the way
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3 shunts in fetal circulation
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Ductus arteriosus
Ductus venosus Foramen ovalis |
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Persistent truncus arteriosus
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Septum fails to form so LV and RV blood mix
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Transposition of great vessels
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Complete septum forms w/o spiral
Venus return blood goes to aorta and LV blood goes back to lungs Not fatal due to ductus arteriosus |
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Tetralogy of fallout
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Formation of truncoconal septum too far to pulmonary side -> aorta extends over right ventricle
1. Pulmonary stenosis 2. Overriding aorta 3. Ventricular septal defect 4. Right ventricular hypertrophy |
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Common carotid origin
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L + R 3rd arch
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Right subclavian origin
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Proximal: 4th arch
Middle : R dorsal aorta Distal: 7th arch |
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Arch of aorta origin
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L 4th arch
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Pulmonary arteries origin
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Proximal L and R 6th arch
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Ductus arteriosus origin
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L distal 6th arch
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What happens to 6th aortic arch?
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Proximal L+R -> L+R pulmonary arteries
Distal L -> ductus arteriosus Distal R -> disappers |
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What happens to 3rd aortic arch?
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Proximal: common carotid artery
Distal: contributes to proximal internal carotid artery formed by dorsal aorta |
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What happens to 4th aortic arch?
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L -> arch of aorta
R prox -> prox subclavian |
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Coarctation of aorta (pre vs post ductal)
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Narrowing of aorta in region of ligamentum arteriosum
Post ductal: good collateral Pre ductal: lower body is not well developed and cyanotic Collateral circulation: internal thoracic -> IC arteries -> thoracic artery causes bulging on x-ray and grooving in rib |
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Double aortic arch
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4th right arch involutes
Causes dysphagia especially when exercising |
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Aberrant right subclavian
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Crosses posterior to esophagus
Compressed during swallowing -> decreases BP |
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What levels for sympathetic and parasympathetic?
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Sympathetic: T1 -> L2/3
Parasympathetic: C3,7,9,10, S2-4 |
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What part of the spinal cord does the ANS arise from?
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Intermediolateral cell column
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ANS neurotransmitters (4)
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Ach for all pre
Ach for parasymp post NE for symp post NE+EP for adrenal chromaffin |
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White rami communicantes (where?)
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Only between T1-L2
Carry presynaptic sympathetic fibers from ventral rami to sympathetic trunk |
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Gray rami communicantes (where?)
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All spinal nerves
Carry postsynaptic sympathetic fibers from sympathetic trunk to all spinal nerves |
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General course of sympathetic two neuron system
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Presympathetic axon leaves intermediolateral column of spinal cord from ventral root -> spinal nerve -> ventral primary rami -> white ramus communicans -> paravertebral ganglion -> synapse to post synaptic nerve -> effector organ
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Splanchnic nerves
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White rami don't synapse in paravertebral ganglion but pass thru diaphragm to abdominal ganglion
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Greater splanchnic
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T5-T9
Celiac ganglion |
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Lesser splanchnic
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T10-11
Superior mesenteric ganglion |
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Least/lower splanchnic
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T12
Renal ganglia |
