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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Metre in Latin Verse
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Each line of Latin has metrical scheme: its DIVIDED into fixed number of METRA or 'feet' (like bars in music)
HEXAMETER VERSE divided into SIX METRA PER LINE PENTAMETER VERSE divided into TWO LOTS of TWO AND A HALF METRA PER LINE Within in each metron, individual SYLLABLES of words treated as SHORT or LONG whole metron composed of differing number of short and long syllables |
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Dactyl
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ONE LONG syllable followed by TWO SHORT syllables
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Spondee
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TWO LONG syllables
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Trochee
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ONE LONG syllable followed by ONE SHORT syllable
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Iambus
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ONE SHORT syllable followed by ONE LONG syllable
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Anapaest
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TWO SHORT syllables followed by ONE LONG syllable
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Tribrach
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THREE SHORT syllables
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A syllable is long if it ends in
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a) A LONG VOWEL or DIPHTHONG (two vowels combined to form one sound e.g. scri-bAE)
b) TWO CONSONANTS or a COMPOUND CONSONANT, such as 'x' (= 'k' + 's'), e.g. daNT, duX c) A SINGLE CONSONANT FOLLOWED BY SYLLABLE BEGINNING WITH A CONSONANT (even if syllable is at start of new word) e.g. muL-Tos, campuS Patet |
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A syllable is short if
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it doesn't fit it into any of the categories for 'long syllables'
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Scansion
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The marking of the rhythm of a line of verse
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Elision
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A vowel at the end of a word was so lightly pronounced that, if a vowel at beginning of next word, first vowel ignored in scansion e.g.
Phyllid(a) am/(o) ant(e) ali/as elided vowels shown in brackets |
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Crasis/ecthlipsis
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A vowel plus 'm' at end of word was ignored e.g.
O cu/ras homin/(um), O quant/(um) est in/rebus in/ane ignored letters shown in brackets |
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Caesura
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Grammatical break/sense of pause in longer lines of verse e.g. pentameter/hexameter
Marked by // |
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If a line has a very dactylic rhythm it is
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'LIGHT'
reflects a FASTER PACE than line with very spondaic rhythm often used to suggest LIGHT-HEARTED/JOYOUS MOOD RAPIDLY/DRAMATICALLY CHANGING SITUATION DANCING, GALLOPING, WAVES of the SEA |
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If a line has a very spondaic rhythm it is
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'HEAVY'
reflects a SLOWER PACE than line with very dactylic rhythm often used to suggest SOMBRE/MOURNFUL MOOD SLOWLY CHANGING SITUATION HARSH LABOUR TROUBLES/FEARS HEAVY FOOTSTEPS |
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A line of hexameter is scanned
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1st foot: dactyl or spondee
2nd foot: dactyl or spondee 3rd foot: dactyl or spondee 4th foot: dactyl or spondee 5th foot: always a dactyl 6th foot: trochee or spondee Caesura comes somewhere in middle of 3rd foot (sometimes twice in line, somewhere in middle of 2nd and 4th feet) Thus: |
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A line of pentameter is scanned
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1st foot: dactyl or spondee
2nd foot: dactyl or spondee 1/2 foot: one long syllable 3rd foot: always a dactyl 4th foot: always a dactyl 1/2 foot: one long or short syllable Caesura always comes after 2 1/2 feet Thus: |
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Hexameters are used in
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'Baucis and Philemon', Ovid
'The town mouse and the country mouse', Horace because they are metre of EPIC POETRY |
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Elegiac couplets
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ALTERNATING LINES of HEXAMETER verse and PENTAMETER verse
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Elegiac couplets are used in
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'The city, hour by hour', Martial
'The sights, sounds and seasons of the countryside', Ovid |