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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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self-plagiarism
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is real. The Journal who published the article holds the copyright for those words.
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proximal oversight of science
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"self-motivation
self-regulation self-correction of ethical behavior" |
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distal oversight of science
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"peer review of proposals
refereed publications replication of findings" |
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give an example of distal oversight (peer reviewed of proposals)
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"ethical issues regarding animal care - food dep to 70% of body weight
(in US it allowed to 85%)" |
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types of misbehavior in science
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"honest mistakes (no intent)
misdemeanors (intent) noncompliance scientific misconduct" |
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honest mistakes
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"honest errors
sloppy execution what is recourse?? Publish an addendum" |
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misdemeanors
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"re-publishing data (cover letter says only publish data once)
gift authorship (authors have to signif. contribute - but this is different in diff fields) incomplete citations (not giving credit) bias in peer review (friend or foe) skewed data selection (throwing out data without saying so - should tell if removed outliers [stepping on mouse doesn't count])" |
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Noncompliance
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"violation of guidelines
animal usage: not following procedures lab safety: there is an Enviromental Health Lab Safety office (girl who touched her eye while weighing out scolopolamine)" |
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Scientific Misconduct
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"Fabrication of Data (making data up)
Plagiarism (could be self) Intentional dishonesty THIS IS WHY WE NEED DATA REPLICATION" |
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"Material Safety Data Sheets
(MSDS)" |
"on file / online for ALL chemicals used in said lab
read through to understand the risks involved with each chemical" |
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lab notebook
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"should be prepped for each experiement
acts as a complete picture of experiment: purpose, procedulre, results, conclusion, notes, animals used, daily log" |
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Publications involves 3 groups:
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"authors
reviewers editors" |
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Responsibility of authors
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"peer review (may have to refer people to read paper)
clarity & accuracy conflicts of interest reproducible methodology fabricaiton and falsification (don't to it) plagiarism (don't do it)" |
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Responsibility of reviewers
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"thorough timely review
scientific merit ethical issues objectivity collegiality (relationship b/w collegues) confidentiality" |
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Responsibility of editors
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"final decision
unbiased assignments common standards written communication confidentiality" |
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"Plagiarism
(def)" |
deliberate or reckless reproduction of another's words, thoughts, or ideas as one's own without attribution
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cited passage
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"not verbatum (can be - but only a sentence or so - otherwise it is poorly written)
must give credit to original author" |
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if you paraphrase, do you have to give credit?
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yes
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if you put it in quotes - can you use it?
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"well. . .yes and no
yes, techniqually no, it is not done" |
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"do Vertebrabes vs invertebrates have SAME set of guidelines for use?
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nope, different
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"what percentange of animals used in research are mice & rats?
50% 75 85 95" |
95
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how much does it cost to care for a cage a day at Tulane?
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93cents a day
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what is CARE?
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"set up by the APA
guidelines are created for animal care similar across different organizaitons. " |
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who follows NIH animal care guidelines?
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"if one lab is funded by NIH - all labs in org must follow guidelines.
Usually whole university follows NIH rules." |
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NIH guidelines specific or broad?
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"very specific
publishes the 'guide for the care and Use of Laboratory Animals'" |
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what is in the 'guide for the care and use of laboratory animals'?
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"very specific
Covers airflow changes, cage size, temp, humidity control, cage changes, etc. " |
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"what percentange of animals used in research are mice & rats?
50% 75 85 95" |
95
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does the NIH have an oversight office?
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"yes
Office of Labortory Animal Welfare" |
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"what percentange of animals used in research are mice & rats?
50% 75 85 95" |
95
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how much does it cost to care for a cage a day at Tulane?
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93cents a day
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Who is on an IACUC?
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"Certified veterinarian
Member who is an animal researcher Member who is not a scientist Member not affiliated with university A fifth member 5 people on an IACUC committee (and more - some repeats)" |
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what is CARE?
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"set up by the APA
guidelines are created for animal care similar across different organizaitons. " |
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how much does it cost to care for a cage a day at Tulane?
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93cents a day
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What does the IACUC do?
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"ensure that the rules (NIH) are being followed.
1) MAJOR role: review / approval protocols 2) Program Review (big picture – not only for each study, also general lab animal care, how often cages watched 3) Policy Development 4) Semiannual Facility Inspection " |
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who follows NIH animal care guidelines?
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"if one lab is funded by NIH - all labs in org must follow guidelines.
Usually whole university follows NIH rules." |
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what is CARE?
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"set up by the APA
guidelines are created for animal care similar across different organizaitons. " |
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What do you include in your IACUC protocol?
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"Dependant / indepenant variable
Hypothesis Laymens discription ONLY cares about animal (not about what happens after brain is collected) " |
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NIH guidelines specific or broad?
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"very specific
publishes the 'guide for the care and Use of Laboratory Animals'" |
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who follows NIH animal care guidelines?
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"if one lab is funded by NIH - all labs in org must follow guidelines.
Usually whole university follows NIH rules." |
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what is in the 'guide for the care and use of laboratory animals'?
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"very specific
Covers airflow changes, cage size, temp, humidity control, cage changes, etc. " |
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NIH guidelines specific or broad?
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"very specific
publishes the 'guide for the care and Use of Laboratory Animals'" |
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does the NIH have an oversight office?
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"yes
Office of Labortory Animal Welfare" |
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what is in the 'guide for the care and use of laboratory animals'?
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"very specific
Covers airflow changes, cage size, temp, humidity control, cage changes, etc. " |
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Who is on an IACUC?
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"Certified veterinarian
Member who is an animal researcher Member who is not a scientist Member not affiliated with university A fifth member 5 people on an IACUC committee (and more - some repeats)" |
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does the NIH have an oversight office?
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"yes
Office of Labortory Animal Welfare" |
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Who is on an IACUC?
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"Certified veterinarian
Member who is an animal researcher Member who is not a scientist Member not affiliated with university A fifth member 5 people on an IACUC committee (and more - some repeats)" |
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What does the IACUC do?
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"ensure that the rules (NIH) are being followed.
1) MAJOR role: review / approval protocols 2) Program Review (big picture – not only for each study, also general lab animal care, how often cages watched 3) Policy Development 4) Semiannual Facility Inspection " |
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What does the IACUC do?
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"ensure that the rules (NIH) are being followed.
1) MAJOR role: review / approval protocols 2) Program Review (big picture – not only for each study, also general lab animal care, how often cages watched 3) Policy Development 4) Semiannual Facility Inspection " |
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What do you include in your IACUC protocol?
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"Dependant / indepenant variable
Hypothesis Laymens discription ONLY cares about animal (not about what happens after brain is collected) " |
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What do you include in your IACUC protocol?
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"Dependant / indepenant variable
Hypothesis Laymens discription ONLY cares about animal (not about what happens after brain is collected) " |
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Are IACUC protocols rubber stamped?
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"NO!
Usually has revisions" |
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What is involved in an inspection?
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IF you say you do surgery, inspection will check for surgery supplies in room. CAN’T do beh in surgery room – unless specified.
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How long is an IACUC protocol good for?
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3 years, then have to resubmit, even if nothing has changed
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What if you have changes to your protocols?
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submit an ammendum. Faster turnaround that a whole new protocol.
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What is the IACUC group notices a deficency?
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must notify the NIH, along with a plan of action and a timeline for that plan to be in place.
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What is AALAC?
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outside group that comes in and inspects you.
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What are the 3 Rs?
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"Refinement
Reduction Replacement" |
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Describe Refinement
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"Reducing pain
Euthanasia Survial Surgery Social Housing" |
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Reducing pain
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" - Anesthitics for surgery
- Analgesics for recovery - tranquilizers can be used too . .. But could be measuring stress & therefor wouldn't want to use BUT, if not using, MUST justify in the IACUC" |
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Describe euthanasia
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"Injectables - barbituates
CO2 (70%) Decapitation - w/o anethesia, if small or if would complicate study Cervical Dislocation - only mice or sm rats (others too big to do it) " |
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Define survival surgery
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"Anesthesia
Asepsis – w/o germs (Asepsis – autoclaved tools, sterile surgery, sterilized surgeries, shave animal) Analgesia – usually opiates. Recovery – monitor & help out (may eat sutures) Minimize cagemats post surgery. " |
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define social housing
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"Rats are social animals
SHOULD HAVE ENRICHED ENVIROMENT If not enriched, must explain why Animals housed alone – not ‘normal’ Better for testing – single housed Need IACUC approval for single housed " |
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describe Reduction
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"reduce animal numbers
avg size: 6-15 Power Analysis - look at effect size. NO clue? Look at lit. Repeated Measures Designs Reuse of Subjects - when possible (ex. Teaching lab) Judicious Replication- replicate smartly. Repeat and add a 3rd group. . Inching along with data. " |
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describe replacement
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"Cell or Tissue Cultures - but cell and tissue cultures come from living animals
- but cell effects don't always translate to living animals (ex. LTP) Computer Simulations Lack of In Vitro Alternatives Must be Documented - must check lit. MUST be in protocol that you checked and there is no alternative. " |
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Who is Papanicolaou?
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"Papanicolaou – pap smear (now used to ID cancer cells)
track animal cycle" |
