Methods Of Research/adm630

Front 1

Threats to internal validity:
SUBJECT EFFECTS

Back 1

Changes in behavior in response to being a subject or to being in an experiment

Front 2

Threats to internal validity:
INSTRUMENTATION

Back 2

differences in results due to unreliability, changes in the measuring instruments or in observers

Front 3

Threats to internal validity:
TREATMENT REPLICATIONS

Back 3

Number of replications of the treatment is different from the number of subjects

Front 4

Threats to internal validity:
SUBJECT ATTRITION

Back 4

Occurs because of systematic loss of subjects

Front 5

Threats to internal validity:
MATURATION

Back 5

Occurs when an effect is due to maturational or other natural changes in the subjects (being older, wiser, stronger, tired)

Front 6

Threats to internal validity:
DIFFUSION OF TREATMENT

Back 6

Occurs when subjects in one group learn aout treatments or conditions from different groups

Front 7

Threats to external validity:
POPULATION EXTERNAL VALIDITY

Back 7

The extent to which the results can be generalized to other people

Front 8

Threats to internal validity:
STATISTICAL CONCLUSION

Back 8

Violation of assumptions or misuse of statistical tests

Front 9

Threats to external validity:
ECOLOGICAL EXTERNAL VALIDITY

Back 9

Refers to the conditions of the research and the extent to which generalizing the results is limited to similar conditions

Front 10

Threats to Internal validity:
PRETESTING

Back 10

Occurs when the act of taking a test or responding to a questionnaire prior to the treatment affects the subjects

Front 11

Therats to external validity:
CONSTRUCT VALIDITY

Back 11

Refers to the adequacy with which we understand and communicate the complexity of the so-called treatment package, particulary the components of it that will allow the observed effect to be replicated as another test of the underlying construct

Front 12

Threats to internal validity:
STATISTICAL REGRESSION

Back 12

Scores of groups of subjects taking on values closer to the mean due to respondents being identified on the basis of extremely high or low scores

Front 13

Nonexperimental research design:
DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH

Back 13

1. Current or past status.
2. Describes achievement, attitudes, behavior or other characteristics of a group.

Front 14

Nonexperimental research design:
COMPARATIVE RESEARCH

Back 14

1. Examines differences between 2 or more groups on a variable.
2. Makes a comparison based on descriptive data.

Front 15

Nonexperimental resarch design

CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH:
BIVARAITE (ZERO ORDER)

Back 15

1. 2 variables are correlated
2. 2 variables from each subject are used and then use pairs of scores to calculate a correlational coefficient

Front 16

Threats to internal validity:
HISTORY

Back 16

Unplanned or extraneous events that occur during research and affect the results

Front 17

Nonexperimental research design:
CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH:
PREDICTION STUDIES

Back 17

1. Provide a more accurate estimation of prediction.
2. Contains a predictor variable and a criterion variable.

Front 18

Nonexperimantel research design:
SURVEY RESEARCH (#1)

Back 18

1. Investigator selects a sample of respondents and administers a questionnaire or conducts interviews to collect information on variables.

Front 19

Nonexperimental research design:
SURVEY RESEARCH (#2)

Back 19

2. Describe the incidence, frequency, and distribution of the characteristics of an identified population.

Front 20

Nonexperimental research design:
EX POST FACTO RESEARCH

Back 20

1. Identifies conditions that have alreadt occured.
2. Causal-comparative design without manipulation od the independent variable.

Front 21

Threats to internal validity:
EXPERIMENTER EFFECTS

Back 21

Deliberate or unintended effects of the researcher on subject responses

Front 22

Threats to internal validity:
SELECTION

Back 22

differences between the subjects in the groups that may result in outcomes that are different because of group composition