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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. dehydrogenase
2. isomerase 3. kinase |
1. takes H+ and adds to NAD+ or FADH
2. no change in energy, moving P from 1 position to another 3. Add P to something |
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Where these pathways take place:
1. Glycolysis 2. Citric Acid Cycle 3. Oxidative Phosphorylation |
1. Cytosol
2. mitochondria matrix 3. inner membrane |
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What is the first step in the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is the most prominent enzyme in the Citric Acid Cycle? Primary purpose of enzymes? |
-forms citrate in 1st step
-dehydrogenases: forms NADH & FADH2 -position cofactors near substrate |
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What are the metabolic cofactors for the following substrates:
1. ATP 2. NADH 3. Acetyl-CoA 4. FADH2 5. Acetyl-TPP 6. Acetyl-lipamide |
1. adenine B4
2. niacin B3 3. Pantothenate B5 4. Riboflavin B2 5. Thiamine B1 |
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What is the primary high energy product of the citric acid cycle?
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NADH
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Example of Oxidation-Reducation rxn.
What is the Citric Acid Cycle a part of? |
Lactate-->Pyruvate = oxidation
NAD+ --> NADH = reduction Aerobic Metabolism |
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FAD+ + 2H+ --> FADH2
Which form is oxidized? Which is higher energy? |
FAD+ is oxidized
FADH2 is reduced FADH2 is higher energy |
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Why Ester bond are high in energy?
Why Thioester bonds are even higher in energy? |
-like carboxylic acids, hydrolysis allows resonance increase
-esters have limited resonance, thioesters have NO resonance (higher energy), S is too big to share pi-orbital w/ C & O |
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What is Lipoic Acid?
What is TPP? Purpose? |
-forms same high energy thioester bond that adanine forms
-not a vitamin -hydrophobic -tethered to lysine to make long arm -Thiamine Pyrophosphate -stabilizes a carbanion -Both assist Pyruvate dehydrogenase to oxidize pyruvate: transfer high energy bond at no cost (acetyl) |
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Where can Pyruvate go after Glycolysis?
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1. Acetyl CoA (Pyruvate dehydrogenase) Citric Acid Cycle
2. Oxaloacetate (Pyruvate carboxylase) - intermediate for CAC & gluconeogenesis 3. Lactate (Lactate Dehydrogenase) - anaerobic 4. Alanine (alanine amino transferase) - |
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What is step 1 of the Citric Acid Cycle?
What is step 2 of the Citric Acid Cycle? What is step 3 of the Citric Acid Cycle? |
-make Citrate
-adol condensation of oxaloacetate w/ activated acetyl CoA (2-C to 6C) -aconitase -isomerization of citrate->isocitrate (no energy change) -isocitrate dehydrogenase -1st NADH from CAC -isocitrate->alpha-ketoglutarate |
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What is step 4 of Citric Acid Cycle?
Step 5 of CAC? Step 6 of CAC? |
-same as 3 makes another NADH
-alpha-ketoglutarate->succinyleCoA (alph-keto dehydrog. complex) -succinyl Coa->Succinate -succinyl CoA synthetase (makes GTP) -succinate dehydrogenase -makes FADH2 -succinate->fumarase (oxidized) |
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Step 7 of CAC?
Step 8 of CAC? |
-fumarate -> malate
-fumarase -hydration (reduced) -malate dehydrogenase -malate->OAA -makes NADH |
