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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hyperlipidemia is also known as _________. |
Dsylipidemia |
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Primary Hyperlipidemia |
increased lipids in the blood |
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Secondary Hyperlipidemia |
alcoholism, diabetes |
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What are the three types of lipids? |
Cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipoproteins (chylomicrons, LDL, HDL) |
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What is cholesterol responsible for? |
Steroid hormone production |
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Where does cholesterol come from? |
It only comes from animal cells. Your liver makes cholesterol based on your diet. |
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What is a normal cholesterol reading in the body? |
<200
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What are triglycerides? |
The energy source for your body. |
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What is the normal triglyceride reading in your body? |
<150 |
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How long must you fast if you are testing for triglycerides? |
9-12 hours |
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Name some cardiac risk factors. |
OSA, watching TV, skipping breakfast, "sitting", "old looking face" |
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S&S of Metabolic Syndrome |
increased waist circumference + 2 of the following: increased BP, increased triglycerides, or FBS >100 |
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Metabolic Syndrome is also known as ________. |
"pre-diabetes" |
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How can a person manage their hyperlipidemia? |
Lifestyle Modification Trial |
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What are some characteristics of the Lifestyle Modification Trial? |
diet modification, exercise > 30 min, medication, and eliminate modifiable risk factors |
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List the five macronutrients. |
carbs, fats, proteins, water, and fiber |
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Carbs |
used for primary energy, simple vs complex |
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Simple Carbs |
quick absorption, fast use |
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Complex Carbs |
slow absorption, used over time, and healthier for you |
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Fats |
fatty acids are converted to glycerol, saturated vs. unsaturated |
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Saturated Fats |
bad |
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Unsaturated Fats |
good, (PUFA, MUFA) |
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Protein |
take .8mg/kg BW per day, the building blocks of the body |
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Water |
our body needs about 2L/day while at rest |
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Fiber |
a natural laxative, increased satiety rates, and they reduce FBG |
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Name the two micronutrients. |
vitamins and minerals |
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Water Soluble Vitamins |
B and C |
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Fat Soluble Vitamins |
A,D,E, and K |
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Minerals |
"trace elements", "building blocks"; they regulate energy production, provide structure to the teeth, and carry O2 |
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Characteristics of Macrominerals |
need >100 mg/day of Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, phosphate |
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What mineral is the most important in the body? |
Ca |
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List the Micronutrients |
Iron, iodine, zinc, and flouride |
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Thiamine (B1) Deficiency |
beriberi and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome; nervous system disorders |
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Beriberi |
affects lower extremities with parasthesias and burning in the toes |
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Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome |
psychomotor problems, ataxia, nystagmus, seen in alcoholics |
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Vitamin B2 Deficiency |
occurs in vegans, inflammation of the lips, tongue, mouth, and magenta hue tongue |
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Niacin B3 Deficiency |
Casole's Necklace; causes Pellagra |
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S&S of Pellagra |
4Ds: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, death |
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Pyridoxine B6 Deficiency |
needs INH therapy, peripheral neuropathy |
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Folic Acid B9 Deficiency |
pregnant women need this to help avoid anemia |
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Cobalamin B12 Deficiency |
pernicious anemia |
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What causes pernicious anemia? |
insufficient intrinsic factor |
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Ascorbic Acid C Deficiency |
Scurvy |
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Scurvy presents with ________. |
Spontaneous hemorrhage and bleeding gums |
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Retinol A Deficiency |
night blindness to day blindness to dry eyes to keratomalacia |
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Vitamin D Deficiency |
Ricketts |
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Why is ricketts not seen in America? |
fortified milk and food, healthy diets |
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Where types of climates do SOF personnel see ricketts? |
places with monsoons |
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Vitamin K Deficiency |
causes hemorrhagic disease of the newborn |
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Iron Tocxicity |
causes hepatotoxicity |
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Tx for Iron Toxicity |
activated charcoal PO |
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Copper Toxicity |
causes Wilson's Disease and cirrhosis of the liver |
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Tx for Wilson's Disease |
penicillamine PO |
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Fluoride Toxicity |
causes brittle bones |
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Name two eating disorders. |
Anorexia nervosa and Bulemia nervosa |
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Characteristics of Anorexia Nervosa |
body dysmorphia, self-imposed weight loss, causes fatigue, irritability, low blood pressure, it has a 10-20% mortality rate, patients are skinny, and it restricts caloric intake |
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Characteristics of Bulemia Nervosa |
this is the most common and is not usually lethal, these people can be any size, they see the real them in the mirror, have binge-eating and purging |
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PEM (Protein Energy Malnutrition) |
these people small feedings around the clock are best in the early stages of recovery |
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What are the three types of PEM? |
Marasmus, Kwashiorkor, and Marasmic-Kwashiorkor |
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Characeristics of Marasmus |
calorie deficiency, starvation, muscular wasting, and build up of subcutaneous fat |
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Characteristics of Kwashiorkor |
protein deficiency, this happens when a mother stops breast feeding to early, pitting (dependent) edema, hypoalbumineria, dispigmented hair, and flat-pink dermatosis |
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Marasmic-Kwashiorkor |
moon face, loss of hair |
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What is the role of chylomicrons? |
Transport exogenous fatty acids |
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Role of LDLs. |
They take cholesterol from the liver to the tissues which puts us at a risk for CHD. |
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Role of HDLs. |
They take cholesterol from the tissues of the body to the liver for disposal decreasing the risk of CHD. |
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Cachexia |
wasting away |
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Tx for Wernicke-Korsakoff |
give D5W |
