Mental Health - Test 1 - Ch. 3, 11

Front 1

-what is the major target of psychotropic meds?

Back 1

the interaction b/w the neurotransmitter and the receptor
-depending on which receptor the drug is targeting, you will have specific side effects

Front 2

antianxiety (anxiolytic) drugs act by (increasing or decreasing) the effectiveness of which neurotransmitter?

Back 2

GABA ----plays a role in modulating neuronal exicitability and anxiety

Front 3

excess dopamine is linked with what disorder?

Back 3

schizophrenia
-dopamine is used by neurons involved in not only thought processes but also the regulation of movement

Front 4

Identify the monamine neurotransmitters that are decreased in depression

Back 4

Dopamine, Norepinephrine, Serotonin

Front 5

Which cholinergic neurotransmitter is increased in depression?

Back 5

Acetylcholine

Front 6

Identify the amino acid that reduces aggression, excitation and anxiety.

Back 6

Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) -- GABA(A) and GABA(B)

Front 7

Identify the two drug classes of the most commonly used antianxiety agents.

Back 7

Benzodiazepine

Anti-depressants (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors)

Front 8

What side effect of benzodiazepines results from the fact that there are an abundance of GABA receptors in the cerebellum?

Back 8

-ataxia (unsteadiness - loss of coordination of the muscles, esp. of the extremities)

Front 9

Identify the two neurotransmitters in the limbic system thought to be deficient in transmission, underlies depression, and play a major role in mood disorders.

Back 9

norepinephrine and serotonin

Front 10

Identify which receptor blockade from conventional antipsychotics causes motor abnormalities or extrapyramidal side effects (EPS)?

Back 10

Dopaminergic

Front 11

women’s unique physiological response to stress.

what is unique about "pregnancy" and a womans response to stress

Back 11

women have a lower hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal axis and lower autonomic resposnes to stress at all ages

-estrogen which is in abundance during pregnancy, is said to reduce stress responses

Front 12

What is the difference between men and women with respect to neural responses to stress

Back 12

-men experience altered prefrontal blood flow and increased salivary cortisol in response to stress

-women experience increased limbic (emotional) activity and less significantly altered salivary cortisol

Front 13

What are the stress mediator chemicals that are released during the alarm stage (fight or flight) of Selye’s general adaptation syndrome (GAS)?

Back 13

adrenalin
corticosteroids
endorphins

Front 14

GAS
-adrenalin: (4)

Back 14

-increases sympathetic system activity
-increases HR, RR, BP to enhance strength and speed.
-pupils dilate for a broad view of the envt
-blood is shunted away from the digestive tract (resulting in dry mouth) and kidneys to more essential organs

Front 15

GAS
-corticosteroids
increase (2)

inhibit (3)

Back 15

increase muscle endurance and stamina (whereas other nonessential functions, digestions, are decreased)

they inhibit functions such as reproduction, growth, and immunity

Front 16

GAS
-Endorphins:

Back 16

reduce sensitivity to pain and injury

Front 17

How do females respond to stress?

Back 17

tending and befriending (a survival strategy that emphasizes the protection of young and reliance on the social network for support)

Front 18

-neurotransmitter and immune responses to stress?

-what does it influence (5)

Back 18

-serotonin is key, it influences sleep, appetite, mood, sexuality, and metabolism.

Front 19

when experiencing stress, ________ is synthesized more which causes problems with the brain being able to use it

Back 19

serotonin

Front 20

what is a mediator of the stress response in which someone with an anxious tendency would experience stress on a different level (personality includes genetic structure, vulnerability, childhood experiences, coping strategies, personal outlook on life and the world)

Back 20

personality

Front 21

high quality support
-what does it include? (3)


-supportive high quality relationships are free from: (2)

Back 21

-free of conflict
-reciprocity (because you did this for me, I’ll do this for you)
-role flexibility- they lean on each other

conflict and negative interactions

Front 22

T or F:
doesn’t matter if stress is + or – it has the same physiological response (shows up in bipolar disorder. they can experience a trauma like death and react, but they can also experience the graduation of a child and that too is stress on the body and invites symptoms)

Back 22

T

Front 23

What are the 3 Positive Stress Responses to stress

Back 23

-Problem solving- figuring out how to deal wit the situation
-Using social support- calling in others who are caring and may be helpful
-Reframing- redefining the situation to see both positive and negative sides, as well as the way to use the situation to one’s advantage

Front 24

What are the 3 Negative Stress Responses to stress

Back 24

-Avoidance- choosing not to deal with the situation, letting negative feelings and situations fester and continue to become chronic
-Self-blame – faulting oneself, which keeps the focus on minimizing one’s self esteem and prevents positive action toward resolution working through of the feelings related to the event
-Wishful thinking- believing that things will resolve by themselves and that “everything will be fine” (a form of denial) “oh, if only she would behave better”

Front 25

if a pt has experienced trauma of sexual/physical abuse, what relaxation techniques for managing stress?

Back 25

–deep breathing , progressive muscle relaxation, and exercise is safe


-mediation and guided imagery are not appropriate for clients with mental health problems

Front 26

what is cognitive reframing?

Back 26

-looking at irrational beliefs and replacing them with more realistic statements

Front 27

what is this an example of: “I can’t pass this course”


“if I choose to study for this course, I will increase my chance of success”

Back 27

-change the individuals perceptions of stress by reassessing a situation and replacing irrational believes

Front 28

what is mindfulness?

Back 28

it includes being in the moment by paying attention to what is going on around you

Front 29

Journaling is useful for doing what:

Back 29

identifying stressors/triggers
it can ease worry and obsession

helps identifty hopes and fears

Front 30

Stress induces changes in the immune system which is linked with disease. Which health disorders are implicated in this process?

Back 30

auto-immune disorders
immunodeficiency
hypersensitivities

Front 31

cognitive reframing and mindfulness are examples of (cognitive or behavioral strategies)

Back 31

cognitive

Front 32

journaling and humor (cognitive or behavioral strategies)

Back 32

behavioral

Front 33

levels of anxiety

-as the level increases from mild to panic the perceptual field (narrows or widens)

Back 33

narrow

(we can take in less and less information so when we are in panic we can’t take in info..when it is moderate you can still problem solving, but you might need some help.

Front 34

mild-moderate-severe-panic

can’t learn, can’t problem solve

Back 34

severe

Front 35

mild-moderate-severe-panic

might feel a sense of dread or doom

Back 35

severe

Front 36

mild-moderate-severe-panic

intervention is to remain with the pt

Back 36

severe

Front 37

mild-moderate-severe-panic

physical symptoms include slight discomfort

Back 37

mild

Front 38

mild-moderate-severe-panic

physical symptoms include restlessness

Back 38

mild

Front 39

mild-moderate-severe-panic

physical symptoms include irritability

Back 39

mild

Front 40

mild-moderate-severe-panic

nail biting

Back 40

mild

Front 41

mild-moderate-severe-panic

foot or finger taping

Back 41

mild

Front 42

mild-moderate-severe-panic

fidgeting

Back 42

mild

Front 43

mild-moderate-severe-panic

may demonstrate selective inattention

Back 43

moderate

(only certain things can be seen or heard unless they are pointed out)

Front 44

mild-moderate-severe-panic

the ability to think is claerly hampered but learning and problem solving can still take place but not optimally

Back 44

moderate

Front 45

mild-moderate-severe-panic

tension

Back 45

moderate

Front 46

mild-moderate-severe-panic

pounding heart

Back 46

moderate / severe

Front 47

mild-moderate-severe-panic

increase HR and RR

Back 47

moderate

Front 48

mild-moderate-severe-panic

perspiration

Back 48

moderate

Front 49

mild-moderate-severe-panic

mild somatic symptoms

Back 49

moderate

Front 50

mild-moderate-severe-panic

gastric discomfort

Back 50

moderate

Front 51

mild-moderate-severe-panic

head ache

Back 51

moderate

Front 52

mild-moderate-severe-panic


urinary urgency

Back 52

moderate

Front 53

mild-moderate-severe-panic

voice tremors/shaking

Back 53

moderate

Front 54

mild-moderate-severe-panic

may focus on 1 particular detail or many scattered details

Back 54

severe

Front 55

mild-moderate-severe-panic

have difficulty noticing what is going on in the enviornment even when pointed out by another

Back 55

severe

Front 56

mild-moderate-severe-panic

learning and problem solving are not possible

Back 56

severe

Front 57

mild-moderate-severe-panic

person is dazed and confused

Back 57

severe

Front 58

mild-moderate-severe-panic

head ache / nausea

Back 58

severe

Front 59

mild-moderate-severe-panic

dizziness

Back 59

severe

Front 60

mild-moderate-severe-panic

insomnia

Back 60

severe

Front 61

mild-moderate-severe-panic

trembling and a pounding heart are common

Back 61

severe

Front 62

mild-moderate-severe-panic

hyperventilation

Back 62

severe

Front 63

mild-moderate-severe-panic

sense of impending doom

Back 63

severe

Front 64

mild-moderate-severe-panic

disturbed behavior

Back 64

panic

Front 65

mild-moderate-severe-panic

unable to process what is going on in the enviornment and may lose touch with reality

Back 65

panic

Front 66

mild-moderate-severe-panic

pacing

Back 66

panic

Front 67

mild-moderate-severe-panic

running

Back 67

panic

Front 68

mild-moderate-severe-panic

screaming and shouting

Back 68

panic

Front 69

mild-moderate-severe-panic

withdrawal

Back 69

panic

Front 70

mild-moderate-severe-panic

hallucinations or false snsosry perceptions

Back 70

panic

Front 71

mild-moderate-severe-panic

physical behavior may become erratic

Back 71

panic

Front 72

mild-moderate-severe-panic

uncoordinated

Back 72

panic

Front 73

mild-moderate-severe-panic

completely absorbed with self

Back 73

severe

Front 74

mild-moderate-severe-panic

has distorted perceptions

Back 74

severe

Front 75

mild-moderate-severe-panic

benefits from guidance from others

Back 75

moderate