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249 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are some antipsychotic meds?
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Geodon (Ziprasidone)
Thorazine (Chlorpromazine) Mallaril (Thioridazine) Haldol (haloperidol) |
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What are some meds for EPS?
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Cogentin (Benztropine)
Benadryl (Diphenhydramine) Inderal (Propanolol) |
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What are some antidepressant meds?
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Prozac (fluoxetine)
Paxil (Paroxetine) Zoloft (sertraline) Cymbatta (duloxetine) Nardil (Phenelzine) |
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What are some moodstabilizing drugs?
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Lithium
Depakote (Valproate) Tegretol (Carbamazepine) Catapres (Clonidine) |
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What are some antianxiety meds?
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Xanax (Alprazolam)
Valium (Diazepam) BuSpar (Buspirone) |
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What is a recurrent use of a substance that results in failure to manage one's daily life?
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substance abuse
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What occurs when the use of the drug is no longer under control and continues despite adverse effects
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Substance dependence
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What is physiological, behavioral, cognitive, and affective symptoms that occur after reduction or discontinuance of a drug that has been used heavily over a long period of time
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Substance Withdrawal
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What is a complex, chronic, progressive disease that can be fatal if left untreated
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Substance dependence
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How does alcohol act as a CNS depressant
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Potentiates GABA activity and decreases glutamate activity
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What is a major excitatory NT
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Glutamate
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Major inhibitory NT
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GABA
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What are a fairly early sign of alcoholism that involves a form of amnesia for events that occurred during the drinking period
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Blackouts
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What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy
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CNS problem characterized by ataxia (lack of coordination), abnormal eye movements, and confusion
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What is the inability to retrieve long term memory events or retain new information
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Korsakoff's syndrome
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What is making up information to fill memory blanks, develops in the person’s attempt to protect self-esteem when confronted with memory loss
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Confabulation
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What is characterized by impaired abstract thinking and judgment, personality changes, and impaired memory
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Alcoholic dementia
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What begins about 6 to 8 hours after the last drink that includes early symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, insomnia, tremors, sweating, and a mild tachycardia
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alcohol withdrawal syndrome
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What usually occurs on days 2 and 3 but may appear as late as 14 days after the last drink in which the person experiences confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, or hypotension, extreme tremors, agitation, diaphoresis, fever, and possibly even death
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Alcohol withdrawal delirium
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What are nausea, vomiting, lack of coordination, slurred speech, staggering, disorientation, irritability, short attention span, loud and frequent talking, poor judgment, lack of inhibition, labile emotions, and violent behaviors signs of?
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Alcohol overdose/intoxication
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How do sedatives/hyponotics/anti anxiety agents work
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Enhance the action of GABA in the limbic system of the brain
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What can render people unconscious and cause short term memory loss
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Rohypnol and GHB
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Symptoms of drug withdrawal
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Altered perceptions, hallucinations, depression, diaphoresis, marked agitation, tachycardia, anxiety, tremors, seizures, and delirium
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What are naturally occurring substances that stimulate the opiate receptors in the brain
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Endorphins, enkephalins, and dynorphins
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Effects of opiods
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Brain levels rise rapidly giving an intense sensation called a rush followed by a longer lasting high and a sense of calmness; they also depress respiratory rate
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Effects of continued opioid use
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? Decrease the body’s production of endorphin and enkephalin, resulting in a very low tolerance of pain and discomfort during withdrawal
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Complications of heroin
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Liver problems, malignant hypertension, strokes, kidney failure, and from sharing needles: hepatitis, HIV infection, and AIDS
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Symptoms of opioid withdrawal
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Craving, muscle aches, backaches, severe abdominal cramps and diarrhea, watery eyes, running nose, yawning, tremors, chills, sweating, and a crawling skin sensation
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Signs of opioid overdose
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Clammy skin, shallow respirations, pinpoin pupils, coma and death from respiratory depression or sudden irreversible pulmonary edema
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What may be given to reduce respiratory depression and coma
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Narcan
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Marijuana useful in treating
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Glaucoma, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, hypertension, anorexia, and pain
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Psychoactive ingredient in Cannabis
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Delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol and it acts on the cardiovascular and CAN
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What does cocaine do?
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Bind to the DA transporters, prevent them from picking up DA, and accumulating DA and an out of control reward system
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Cocaine positive reinforcement
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Through the mood altering effects of generalized euphoria, increased energy and mental alterness, self confidence, and increased sexual arousal
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Cocaine negative reinforcement
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crash
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Health effects of cocaine
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Induces constriction of coronary and cerebral vessels, leading to cardiac and cerebral infarcts with the risk being higher for those who smoke crack
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complications of snorting
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Loss of sense of smell and necrosis leading to perforation of nasal septum
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Complications of smoking
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pulmunary damage
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Cocaine
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Induce seizures
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Heroine
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Decreases seizure threshold
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Signs of cocaine withdrawal
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Severe cravings and depression, fatigue, irritability, vivid and unpleasant dreams, and insomnia or hypersonic
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Signs of cocaine intox
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Feelings of euphoria, grandiosity, anger, combativeness, and impaired judgment
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Amphetamine action
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Blocks reuptake of DA and increases release of DA
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What can one or 2 doses of amphetamines cause?
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Permanent brain damage from vasoconstriction and neurotoxicity
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Small amounts of amphetamines
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Create a sensor of mental alertness, euphoria, self confidence, and increased sex drive
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Addiction after one try
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Methamphetamine and MDMA
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Methamphetamine and MDMA
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Increase cardiac and respiratory rates and BP
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Action of hallucinogens
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Affect DA, serotonin, NE, and opiod receptors in the brain
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Effects of hallucinogens
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Vivid visual images, altered perceptions, and a sensation of slowed time
only drugs animals wont self administer |
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Intoxication of hallucinogens
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Evidenced by marked anxiety, ideas of reference, inattention, fear of losing ones mind, paranoia, and impaired judgment
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What do anabolic steroids do?
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Act on testosterone receptors concentrated in certain muscle groups, genitalia, hair follicles, and a few brain regions
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Roid Rage
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Dramatic mood swings, manic like episodes, and a tendency toward aggressive behavior and violence
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Caffeine
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An adenosine receptor antagonists: results in mental alertness, reduction in cerebral blood flow, and bronchodilator
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Nicotine
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Acts as an agonist at the nicotinic receptor, a subtype of Ach receptor
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Nicotine withdrawal
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Craving, anxiety, restlessness, decreased concentration, overeating, irritability, frustration, conspitation, and headaches
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Nicotine overdose
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Heart palpitation, anxiety, and sleep disturbance
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major defense mechanisms that helps maintain a chemical dependence
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denial
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Whatis seeing others as being responsible for ones substance abuse
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Projection
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not acknowledging the significance of one’s behavior
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minimization
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giving reasons for behavior
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rationalization
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Some effects substance abuse has on family
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Dysfunctions, financial problems, ineffective communication patterns,
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a relationship in which a non substance abusing partner remains with a substance abusing partner
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codependency
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What is any action by a person that consciously or unconsciously facilitates substance dependence
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enabling behavior
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What are the 4 roles of pattern of behavior
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hero, scapegoat, lost child, mascot
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What is the child that becomes the competent caretaker and works on making the family function
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hero
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child who acts out at home, in school, and in the community
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scapegoat
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child Who tries to avoid conflict and pain by withdrawing physically and emotionally
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lost child
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child who tries to ease family tension with comic relief used to mask his or her own sadness
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mascot
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usually older child
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hero
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usually youngest child
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mascot
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What occurs when the person no longer is able to control use despite the adverse effects
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substance dependence
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What is shown by physiological, behavioral, cognitive and affective symtpoms that occur after the reduction or discontinuation of a drug that has been used heavily over a long period of time
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substance withdrawal
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What is the recurrent use of a substance that interferes with daily functions: work, school, home, interpersonal relationships?
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substance abuse
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What is the presence of substance abuse with a concurrent psychiatric disorder
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dual diagnosis
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Effect of alcohol
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CNS depresent by potentiating GABA activity (causes sedation and imparied recent memory) and decreases glutamate activity (which decreases the ability to remember)
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Intoxication level
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0.8
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What do you assess for in alcohol overdose
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N and V, lack or coordination, slurred speech, staggering, poor judgment, short attention span, lack of inhibitions, loud talking, labile emotions and violence
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When do alcohol withdrawal symptoms appear
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On average 6-8 hours after last drink
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Assess for in alcohol withdrawal
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Irritability, anxiety, tremors, sweating, insomnia, tachycardia, feel shaky inside, easily startled
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When does withdrawal usually peak
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During 2nd day of abstinence and lessens by 4th and 5th day
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When is pt detoxed by?
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Fourth and fifth day
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What occurs if intervention and treatment for withdrawal do not fix it
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Alcohol withdrawal delirium
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When does alcohol withdrawal delirium (AWD) usually begin
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2-3 days or up to 2 weeks after last drink
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What do you assess for in AWD?
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Confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, tachycardia, hypertension, tremors, agitation, diaphoresis, fever, seizures
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What are the medications of choice for detox phase of alcohol
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benzodiazepines
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Why benzodiapezines for alcohol detox?
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Decrease withdrawal symptoms by preventing CNS hyper excitability and prevent seizures
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Examples of benzodiazepines
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Librium 20-50 mg q4h or Ativan 2 mg as needed or Valium (diazepam) 10-20 mg q 1 hr
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Vitamins given in detox phase
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Multiple vitamins, including thiamine and folic acid, B vitamins
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Good drug for maintenance phase
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antabuse
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Actions of antabuse
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Assists in building up a chemical in the body by blocking metabolism and causing it to accumulate: acetaldehyde: if alcohol is ingested: causes flushing, vomiting, dyspnea, headache, confusion, hypotension, hyperventilation
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Another drug for maintenace stage
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Acamprosate (Campral) and it reduces craving for alcohol 2 tabs 3xs a day
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What do you prefer for drug maintenance
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Campral
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Things in rehab phase
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12 step programs, family therapy, support groups
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Enabler
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Helps the behavior or covers for the individual
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Who is usually enabler
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Spouse and sometimes kids
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What must happen first in a 12 step program
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acknowledge problem
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Some interventions for maintaining physiological stability
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by body functions in normal balanced state, monitor vitals every hour then every 8 hour, assess for hypertension, tachycardia, fever and high temp
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Some interventions for administering adequate sedation
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Give med but not too much, benzodiazepines calm the behavior and make them quit, reduce anxiety, loudness, boisterous behavior
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Priority
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Patient safety
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What is pt has attempted suicide before?
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watch at all times
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Alcohol education
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Teach about alcohol effects on body, resources, don’t use alcohol containing products
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CIWA categories
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N and V, tremors, sweats, tactile, visual and auditory disturbances, anxiety, agitation, headache, orientation
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Max CIWA score
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67
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According to CIWA, when do you give extra benzodiazepines?
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If 2 vital signs are up or 1 vital is up and CIWA over 15
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Chronic alcoholism complications
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Cirrhosis, pancreatitis, GI bleeds, neuropathies such as Korsokoff syndrome and Wernicke’s syndrome
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Korsakoff
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Thiamine deficiency and unusual gait
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effects of opioids
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The brain level rises quickly producing a rush, and then a high
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behavioral characteristics of opioids
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Sedated appearance, motor retardation, slurred speech, impaired attention span and memory, decreased awareness
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Continued opioid use
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Decreases the body production of endorphin and enkephalin resulting in a low level of pain tolerance/ extremely irritable
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Additional effects of opioids
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Depress respiration, suppress cough, and inhibit GI mobility
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Assess opiate withdrawal
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Cravings, muscle aches, backaches, abdominal cramping, diarrhea, watery eyes, running nose, yawning, tremors, chills, sweating, and crawling skin sensations
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When do opiate withdrawal symtpoms usually begin
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A few hours to a few days after last dose
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Assess for opiate overdose
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Clammy skin, shallow respirations, pinpoint pupils, coma, and death from respiratory depression, sudden, irreversible pulmonary edema
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Examples of opioids
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Morphine, codeine, heroin, Demerol, vicodin, percodan, oxycontin
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Used to alleviate opiate withdrawal
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Catapress (clonidine) by lowering blood pressure and Robaxin (methocarbamol) for sedative/muscle relaxing effect and Suboxon (buprenorphine and naloxone) reduces withdrawal symptoms and blocks the effects of opioids
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what does Catapress (clonidine) do?
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lowers BP
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What does Robaxin (methocarbamol) do?
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sedative/muscle relaxing
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What does Suboxon (buprenorphine and naloxone) do?
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reducing opioid withdrawal symptoms and blocking opioid effects
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How to give suboxone
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4 mg tab and 2 tabs couple times a day to reduce euphoria
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Blocks annoying symptoms of withdrawal
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Catapress and Robaxin
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Methadone maintenance program
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Dose of 60-80 mg per 24 hours and reduces the craving
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Methadone
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A nacotic substitution therefore it is still addicting
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Blocks effects of opioids, impeding euphoria
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Naltrexone (ReVia)
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Important to assess if going for surgery
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If on naltrexone because it will block the pain meds
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Major intereventions for substance abuse
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Maintain safety and optimum physical comfort
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Catgeries of COWA assessment of opioid withdrawal
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Craving, muscle aches, abdominal cramping, watery eyes, runny nose, yawning, sweating/chills, crawling skin sensations
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What does denial do?
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Enables the person to underestimate the amount of drugs used and to avoid recognizing the impact of abusing behavior on others
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Form of amnesia that occurs during drinking
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Blackouts/ legal problem
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Codependency
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The nonabusing partner is over responsible, acts as caretakers, suffer from low self esteem and fear of abandonment while the abusing partner is under responsible
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What age is more likely to abuse prescription drugs
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older adults
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Who are more likely to abuse marijuana, alcohol, tobacco, inhalants?
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children
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Who are more likely to abuse tobacco and alcohol?
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pregnant women
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Diagnostic tests
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CBC, glucose, electrolytes, liver function, albumin, protein for malnutrition, urinalysis, EKG for arrhythmia and ischemia, screening for hepatitis, HIV and TB (dependent on risk factors)
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What is the primary treatment goal for alcohol withdrawal
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prevention of delirium
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Meds of choice for alcohol withdrawal
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Benzodiazepines because they decrease withdrawal symptoms by preventing CNS hyperexcitabililty and prevent seizures
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What do benzodiazepines do?
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decrease withdrawal symptoms by preventing CNS hyperexcitabililty and prevent seizures
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Name some benzodiazepines
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Librium, valium, tranzene, ativan
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Thiamin used for...
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To decrease the rebound effect of the nervous system as it adapts to the absence of alcohol
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Effect of antabuse
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Inhibits aldehydre dehydrogenase and leads to an accumulation of acetaldehyrde if alcohol is ingested, even with alcohol wipes
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When does antabuse work?
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5-10 min after ingesting alcohol
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Symtpoms of antabuse
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Flushing, nausea, copious vomiting, thirst, diaphoresis, dyspnea, hyperventilation, throbbing headache, palpitations, hypotension, weakness, and confusion: sever- coma, seizures, CV collapse, respiratory depression and death
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Antabuse contraindicated for
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CV disease, depression, or schizophrenia
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opiate antagonists
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Naproxen (ReVia, Trexan) and Acamprosate (Campral)
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What do opiate antagonists do?
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Decrease the cravings for alcohol and narcotics and lower relapse rate
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Alleviate opiate withdrawal symptoms
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Catapress (clonidine)
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What does catapress do?
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alleviates opiate withdrawal symtpoms and lowers bp
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use for people addicated to heroine
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Methadone maintenance program
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Typical course of methadone
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2-4 years sometimes lifelong
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What does methadone do?
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Reduce the craving to ward off withdrawal symptoms
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What is a syndrome manifested by self induced starvation resulting from fear of fatness rather than a true loss of appetite (distortion of body image)?
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Anorexia
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Anorexia
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a syndrome manifested by self induced starvation resulting from fear of fatness rather than a true loss of appetite (distortion of body image)
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What is a syndrome of episodes of binge eating, followed by self induced vomiting or purge behavior and by an excessive preoccupation with weight and body shape
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Bulimia nervosa
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Bulimia nervosa
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a syndrome of episodes of binge eating, followed by self induced vomiting or purge behavior and by an excessive preoccupation with weight and body shape
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What is less than 85% of expected weight for height and age
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anorexia
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What is eating a large amount of food in a short time that a normal person would not take in that fast
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binge eating from bulimia
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What are the 2 types of bulimia
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purging and nonpurging
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Regular self induced vomiting, laxatives, enemas, etc.
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purging
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nonpurging anorexia
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Other inappropriate behavior like fasting or exercising
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Anorexics obsess over..
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food
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Diagnosing anorexia
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persisted over 3 months and has symptoms
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Anorexia occurrence
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0.5-1% of young women 12-30 years old
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Diagnostic criteria for anorexia
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Refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimally normal weight for age and height, intense fear of gaining weight or becoming fat, even thought underweight, disturbance in the way in which ones body weight or shape is experienced or denial of the seriousness of the current low body weight, and lastly, absence of at least 3 consecutive menstrual periods
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Diagnostic criteria for bulimia
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Recurrent episodes of binge eating, recurrent inappropriate compensatory behavior in order to prevent weight gain, such as self induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, enemas, or other mediations, fasting or exercise, binge eating and inappropriate compensatory behavior occur, on average, at least twice a week for 3 months, self evaulation is unduly influenced by body shape and weight
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biological causes of eating disorders
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Genetics (common among sisters and mothers), primary hypothalamic dysfunction in anorexia, NT imbalance (5-HT and NE) in bulimia
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Some family causes of eating disorders
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Avoiding spousal conflict, issue of power and control
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psychodynamic causes of eating disorder
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early disturbances in mother/daughter relationship
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Some symptoms of anorexia
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? Need to please others, need to meet others expectations, hyper rigid behaviors concerning eating and exercising, fears (of weight gain, becoming mature or loss of control) and an obsession with food, denial of disorder, resistance to tx, dichotomous thinking, distorted body image, amenorrhea, weight loss
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Some symptoms of bulimia
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Binge eating, purging cycle, fears, anxiety, guilt, self disgust, a feeling of lack of control or helplessness, electrolyte imbalance, decreased blood volume, and may have irregular menses
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The goal in treating eating disorders
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Restore clients nutritional status, prevent or decrease complications
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goal of pscyhoterapy
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Overcome food phobia, restore weight, and restructure cognitive processes
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What is a medicine used to reduce pathological eating behaviors and decrease the craving for carbs
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Flextime (Prozac)
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What is used to decrease binge eating
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Tofranil
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What has a tendency to quickly add weight
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Remeron
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What is the widely accepted treatment of choice for eating disorders
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Behavior modification
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Aim of behavior modification
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Change the maladaptive eating behaviors; contract for privileges
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GI signs and symptoms of anorxia
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Constipation, bloating, abdominal pain
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cardiovascular signs and symptoms of anorexia
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bradycardia, orthostatic hypotension, ECG abnormalities
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endocrine signs and symptoms of anorexia
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amenorrhea, hypothermia, osteroporosis
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dermatologic signs and symptoms of anorexia
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hair loss, dry skin, lanugo hair
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What is delayed in anorexia?
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Psychosexual development
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GI S and S of bulimia?
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Chronic and recurrent vomiting of the stomach acid can cause esophagitis, salivary and parotid gland enlargement
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CV S and S of bulimia
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dehydration, orthostatic hypotension, arrhythmia due to electrolyte imbalance, bradycardia
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Other S and S of bulimia
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calluses and abrasions on fingers and knuckles, tooth enamel eroded by gastric acid, increased dental caries
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Some immediate outcomes for eating disorders
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Gains 2-3 lbs/week, demonstrates no signs or symptoms of malnutrition or dehydration, increases oral intake without binging or purging, does not stash food or self induce vomiting, achieved and maintained V.S. and lab serum findings WNL
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Some labs in anorexia
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Increased BUN, decreased electrolytes, decreased potassium, decreased RBC, hemoglobin, and hematocrit
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Where does binging usually occur
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In secret and ends with abdominal discomfort
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What is goal of eating disorder treatment?
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After its no longer life threatening, THEN other treatments: psychotherapy
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the long term goal of psychotherapy
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overcome food phobia
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What reduces the pathological reasons of eating disorders
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prozac
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What med adds weight
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Remeron
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How many meals should those with eating disorders eat?
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5-7 small meals a day
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What is the usual cause of eating disorders
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control
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What is a sustained emotional state and how you subjectively feel
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mood
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What is the immediate and observable emotional expression of mood
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affect
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Major depression/unipolar disorder
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Along with a loss of interest in life, a person experiences a depressed mood tha tmoves from mild to sever, with the severe phase lasting at least 2 weeks
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Dysthymic disorder
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a chronic disorder in which periods of depressed mood are interspersed with normal mood
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What is a chronic disorder in which periods of depressed mood are interspersed with normal mood
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Dysthmic disorder
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What is it when people with depression experience delusions and hallucinations
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severe depression with psychotic features
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Diagnosis of bipolar/ manic depressive disorder
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When a persons mood alternates between the extremes of depression and elation, with periods of normal mood in between these phases
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Bipolar I disorder
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Characterized by occurrence of one or more manic episodes and one or more depressive episodes
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Bipolar II disorder
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Less severe; one or more hypomanic and one or more depressive
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Mood range from moderate depression to hypomania
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Cyclothymics disorder
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What is it when clients suffer from symptoms that appear to be a mixture of schizo and the mood disorders
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schizodepressive disorder
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who are more at risk for bipolar?
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all equal
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Who are more likely to develop rapid cycling form
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women
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Pregnant women on mental meds
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Weight benefits vs. risks/ symptoms often unnoticed because similar to somatic changes from pregnancy
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What begins within first 10 days and lasts a few days to two weeks and has sadness, weepiness, irritability, anxiety, and fatigue
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postpartum blues
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Postpartum depression
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Any time within first year, have insomnia, loss of energy, inability to concetrate, anxiety, mood swings, periods of crying, feelings of despair; any symptoms lasting longer than 2 weeks
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Any time within first year, have insomnia, loss of energy, inability to concetrate, anxiety, mood swings, periods of crying, feelings of despair; any symptoms lasting longer than 2 weeks
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postpartum depression
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What is a medical emergency that occurs within first 2 to 6 weeks after delivery but may occur as early as 48 hours and the symtpoms are insomnia, hallucinations, agitation, and bizarre feelings of behavior
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postpartum psychosis
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postpartum psychosis
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What is a medical emergency that occurs within first 2 to 6 weeks after delivery but may occur as early as 48 hours and the symtpoms are insomnia, hallucinations, agitation, and bizarre feelings of behavior
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More likely to have family heritage of depression
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Children and adolescents who develop major depression
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higher risk for depression
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Older adults due to changes in self concept and multiple losses
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depression that stimulates dementia
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pseudo dementia
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helps treat acute manic episodes
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Zyprexa (olanzapine)
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Mood stabilization
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Risperdal (risperidone) and lithium combined
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May be contraindicated while breastfeeding
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Lithium and tegretol (carbamazepine)
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What may help with mild depression and is over the counter
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SamE
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may cause increased photosensitivity
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Antidepressants and antipsychotic
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how do you determine what antidepressant to use
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Usually uses trial and error and if it doesn’t work in 6-8 weeks, try a new one
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therapeutic purpose of antidepressants
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Decrease as many of the symptoms as possible so that they can participate in other therapies
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how long before the beginning effect of antidepressants begins
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10-14 days for the beginning effect and 2-4 weeks for clinical effect
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anticholinergic side effects
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Blurred vision, urinary retention, dry mouth, constipation, some confusion, less memory
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what can antidepressants do
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Cause you to gain weight even up to 50-60 pounds
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antidepressant that causes weight loss
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prozac
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What happens if a person is taking MAOI and eats foods rich in tyramine and tryptophan
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Hypertensive crisis: sudden severe nausea and vomiting, headache, tachycardia, stiff neck, sweating, and death can occur from CVA
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FOODS YOU CANT EAT WITH MAOIS
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KNOW THEM
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symptoms of serotonin syndrome
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Mental changes, increased muscle tone, increased or decreased BP, rapid pulse, sweating, hyperthermia, coma, seizures
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Mental changes, increased muscle tone, increased or decreased BP, rapid pulse, sweating, hyperthermia, coma, seizures
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symptoms of serotonin syndrome
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drug combos likely to cause serotonin syndrome
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SSRIs/ SNRIs along with litrium, St Johns Wort, or MAOIs
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Mood stabilizers
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Lithium, anticonvulsants, calcium channel blockers, and antihypertensive
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used to control manic symptoms
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Antipsychotics, benzodiazepines
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How long for lithium to be effective
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1-3 weeks
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3 meds are helpful for rage attacks, tic disorders, and ADHD
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Tegretol, Catapres, Tenex
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Early side effects of lithium
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decreased spontaneity, decreased concentration, memory problems, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, hand tremors, weight gain, aches
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decreased spontaneity, decreased concentration, memory problems, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting, hand tremors, weight gain, aches
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early side effects of lithium
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Tegretol combined with contraceptives
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Pills are not effective, false positive pregnancy tests, breakthrough bleeding
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Life threatening, allergic reaction that attacks the skin, mucous membrances, lungs, and kidneys
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Stevens Johnson syndrome
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what causes stevens johnson syndrome
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Lamictal (especially with Depakote), Sulfa, Peniclin, and Dilantin
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signs of symptoms of mild lithium toxicity
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apathetic, lethargic, mild muscle weakness, coarse hand tremors
(in book) |
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Mild lithium toxicity level
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1.5
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Moderate lithium toxicity level
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1.5-2.5
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Signs and Symptoms of moderate lithium toxicity
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N and V, severe diarrhea, moderate ataxia and lethargy, tinnitus, blurred vision, tremor, muscle weakness, slurred speech
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What states that depressive symptoms are caused by NT imbalance
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biological theory
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What is important first when communicating with a client
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feedback
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Hands shaking and fine motor tremors
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Early affect of lithium that should subside in a few weeks
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Appropriate goal for acute stage of mania
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Maintain adequate distance while interacting with others
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What is the fact that feelings are dependent on what I tell myself about the situation
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insight
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What should you stay away from with MAOIs
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salami
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