Mental Health 4

Front 1

What is substance abuse?

Back 1

repeated use of substances that has significant adverse consequences in social or occupational functioning

Front 2

What is substance dependence?

Back 2

same as substance abuse plus tolerance or withdrawl symptoms

Front 3

What is an inhumane family structure?

Back 3

raises children w/ unreal expectations w/ impossible rules

Front 4

What is a rigid family structure?

Back 4

enmeshment, inflexibility

Front 5

What is a closed family structure?

Back 5

no communication, family secrets, one parent may be alcoholic

Front 6

What is a CNS depressant?

Back 6

once absorbed effects all body tissues, immediate effect brain function

Front 7

What is the pre-alcoholic phase?

Back 7

uses as coping mechanism, use everyday b/c they're "tense" or need to "unwind"

Front 8

What is the early alcoholic phase?

Back 8

is coping mechanism, denial, rationalization, projection used when confronted, hiding substance, need it, may experience black outs

Front 9

What is the crucial phase of alcoholism?

Back 9

loss of control of everything, drinking is their life

Front 10

What is the chronic phase of alcoholism?

Back 10

intoxicated all the time, physical and mental decline, many not be eating, will go thru withdrawl if stop, a lot of self pitty, depression, suicide, if they feel like they have to stop

Front 11

What are the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Back 11

hand tremors, tongue tremors, eye lid twitching, N/V, weakness, tachycardia, diaphoresis, HTN, anxiety, irritability, insomnia, depression

Front 12

What are some complicated symptoms of alcohol withdrawal?

Back 12

hallucination illusions (Haldol), seizures (anticonvulsants), delirium tremors

Front 13

What are delirium tremors?

Back 13

3 days after ETOH withdrawal
confusion, agitated, febrile, tachycardia, HTN

Front 14

What is the treatment for ETOH withdrawal?

Back 14

may start benzos
thymine
hydrate them
decrease stimulation in room
keep safe- risk for injury
start rehab after detox

Front 15

What is peripheral neuropathy?

Back 15

nerves in extremities are damaged
burning, tingling, pain
caused by poor nutrition

Front 16

How can you treat peripheral neuropathy?

Back 16

thymine

Front 17

What is alcoholic myopathy?

Back 17

muscle weakness, wasting, pain
caused by nutritional problems, decreased physical activity

Front 18

How can you treat alcoholic myopathy?

Back 18

thymine

Front 19

What is wernickes' encophalopathy?

Back 19

most serious form of thymine deficiency
confusion, sommalce, double vision, eyes can't focus, ataxia,

Front 20

How do you treat wernickes' encophalopathy?

Back 20

STAT thymine

Front 21

What is korsakoff's psychosis?

Back 21

memory loss, recent

Front 22

What is the treatment for korsakoff's psychosis?

Back 22

thymine

Front 23

What is alcoholic cardiomyopathy?

Back 23

have a lot of fat on heart muscle
CHF, arrhythmias, edema of ankles, tachycardia, SOB

Front 24

What is the treatment for cardiomyopathy?

Back 24

diuretics, O2, digoxin, low NA diet

Front 25

What is esophagitis?

Back 25

inflammed esophagus d/t break down of mucous

Front 26

How can you treat esophagitis?

Back 26

stop drinking

Front 27

What is gastritis?

Back 27

inflammed stomach lining d/t break down of mucous

Front 28

What is the treatment for gastritis?

Back 28

stop drinking

Front 29

What is pancreatitis?

Back 29

inflammed pancreas, a lot of fat on pancreas
horrible stomach pains, and distention

Front 30

What is the treatment for pancreatitis?

Back 30

NPO, antibiotics, control pain, check WBG

Front 31

What is alcoholic hepatitis?

Back 31

inflammed or damaged liver, a lot of fat on liver
pain, increased WBC, weakness, jaundice

Front 32

What is the treatment for alcoholic hepatitis?

Back 32

rest, nutritional

Front 33

What is cirrhosis of the liver?

Back 33

damaged liver cells
pain, jaundice, anemia, problems w/ platelets

Front 34

What is portal HTN?

Back 34

HTN b/c of liver
liver becomes hard and blood has a hard time flowing thru

Front 35

What is ascites?

Back 35

fluid in abdominal cavity d/t backflow of liver

Front 36

What is esophageal varices?

Back 36

large veins in the esophagus
pressure builds up in veins
can hemorrhage and die

Front 37

What is hepatic encephalopathy?

Back 37

liver is unable to break down amonia to urea
increased serum amonia is toxic to the brain
coma like, decreased mental functioning

Front 38

How do you treat hepatic encephalopathy?

Back 38

low protein diet, diarrheals

Front 39

What is leukopenia?

Back 39

decaresed production of WBC

Front 40

What is thrombocytopenia?

Back 40

decreased platelet production

Front 41

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

Back 41

women drinks during pregnancy
baby usually has small head, flat face, no neck, baby goes thru withdrawal

Front 42

What should a therapist for an alcoholic be like?

Back 42

supportive, objective, non-judgmental, set limits on defense mechanisms, watch for depression and suicide

Front 43

What are the goals for rehab?

Back 43

individual remains free of substance use
co-existing d/o are identified
individual owns the abuse- lets go of denial/ rationalization/ projection

Front 44

What is anatbuse?

Back 44

makes pt sick when ETOOH is consumed
watch foods w/ ETOH, mouth wash, cough syrup

Front 45

What is Revia?

Back 45

used for relapse of ETOH
blocks the pleasure and craving receptors

Front 46

What is Celexa?

Back 46

can decrease the desire to drink

Front 47

What is Rivitrol?

Back 47

IM injection, blocks the pleasure effects and blocks the effects of ETOH

Front 48

What is the most effective treatment for alcoholics?

Back 48

support groups

Front 49

Who is the hero of the family?

Back 49

usually the oldest child, feels very responsible for absent parent, increased risk for depression

Front 50

Who is the scape goat of the family?

Back 50

acts out, conduct d/o, angry, problems in school, can become substance abusers

Front 51

Who is the lost child of the family?

Back 51

withdrawals, isolate themselves, may develop an eating d/o

Front 52

Who is the mascot of the family?

Back 52

favorite, outgoing, attention by getting good grades, etc.

Front 53

What are CNS depressants?

Back 53

highly addictive cause individuals to feel euphoric, yet relaxed.

Front 54

What are the adverse effects of CNS depressants?

Back 54

hypotension, decrease REM sleep, decrease sexual functioning, decrease kidney and liver functioning, respiratory depression, severe withdrawal symptoms

Front 55

What are opiods?

Back 55

analgesic and CNS depressants
may cause euphoria but generally cause individual to feel drowsy and out of touch with the world

Front 56

What are the adverse effects of opiods?

Back 56

pinpoint pupils, constipation, decreased sexual functioning, depressed cough center, depressed respiratory center, high risk for hepatitis, HIV, cellulitis

Front 57

What is used for overdose on opiods?

Back 57

narcan

Front 58

What is oxycontin?

Back 58

high addictive pain killer, long acting

Front 59

What is the treatment for opiod withdrawal?

Back 59

phenobarb, valium, ativan, xanax
slow, sedate them

Front 60

What would you use for a consistent relapse on opiods?

Back 60

methadone, revia

Front 61

What are CNS stimulants?

Back 61

powerfully addictive d/t euphoria

Front 62

What are the psychological effects of CNS stimulants?

Back 62

increased alertness, confidence, energy, libido, decreased appetite

Front 63

What are the physical effects of CNS stimulants?

Back 63

tachycardia, hypertension, insomnia, anorexia, tremors, dilated pupils

Front 64

What are the long term s/e of CNS stimulants?

Back 64

aggression, paranoia, hallucinations, delusion, compulsive behavior, altered judgment

Front 65

What is speed?

Back 65

impacts neurotransmitter NE and dopamine

Front 66

What are the chronic long term s/e of speed?

Back 66

cardiac arrhythmias and psychosis

Front 67

What are the psychological symptoms of cocaine?

Back 67

alterness, confidence, energy, increased sexual functioning

Front 68

What are the complications of coke?

Back 68

arrhythmias, sexual aggression, cocaine crash, damaged arteries

Front 69

What is the treatment for coke withdrawal?

Back 69

meds given to detox
a lot of psychological dependence
watch for depression and anxiety symptoms

Front 70

What is crack?

Back 70

more addictive than coke, rapid intense high, dramatic crash with feelings of using more

Front 71

What are the complications of crack?

Back 71

cardiac arrhythmias, bloody sputum, crack babies, psychological withdrawal

Front 72

What is freebasing?

Back 72

melting coke to get a purified form

Front 73

What is ectasy?

Back 73

has amphetamine + hallucinagens
last about 3-6 hours

Front 74

What is molly?

Back 74

methamphendamine + X

Front 75

What are the adverse effects of weed?

Back 75

lack of motivation, impaired judgment, lung damage, vasoconstrictions, crossed placental barrier, suppress prolactin levels, reduces reproduction

Front 76

What are the adverse effects of inhalants?

Back 76

decreased CO, brain damage, kidney and liver damage, and sudden death

Front 77

What are some signs of inhalant use?

Back 77

sores in mouth, chemical breath, runny eyes & nose

Front 78

What do victims of violence present with?

Back 78

depression, insomnia, panic attacks, somatic complaints, and frequent physical injuries

Front 79

What are some tools of the batterer?

Back 79

humiliation, intimidation, isolation, physical abuse, threats, smashing things, control money, accusations of infidelity, abusing or threatening to abuse children, forceful sex

Front 80

What defense mechanism are used bye the batterer?

Back 80

rationalization, projection, un-doing

Front 81

What is the tension-building phase?

Back 81

victim tries to decrease tension
notices increased tension, quick tempered, pushing, throwing things

Front 82

What is the battering phase?

Back 82

abuse has been rationalized
victim fears for her/her children's life

Front 83

What is the honeymoon phase?

Back 83

undoing, remorseful, ask for forgiveness, gifts and promises to change

Front 84

Why do they go back to the abuser?

Back 84

fear, learned helplessness, low self-esteem, no autonomy, financial dependence, religious/family beliefs, defense mechanisms

Front 85

What is the treatment of battered women?

Back 85

assess and identify the abuse
safe houses/shelters
identify cognitive distortions
group therapy

Front 86

What is the treatment of the abuser?

Back 86

anger management
forget defense mechanisms
responsibility
anger can be controlled

Front 87

Who are the children at an increased risk for violence?

Back 87

under the age of three and teenagers
children difficult to care for
children not meeting unrealistic expectations

Front 88

What are some symptoms of an abused child?

Back 88

bruising, shoe prints, welps, belt marks, bite marks, burns, hair missing, repeated injuries

Front 89

What are some symptoms of a neglected child?

Back 89

malnurished, don't bring lunch, hungry, poor skin care, tired a lot, dirty clothes, clothes wrong for weather, eye and dental care

Front 90

What would an abused or neglected child's behavior be?

Back 90

having trouble in school, frequently absent, late, no homework, hangs out at school, conduct d/o, substance abuse, sexually acting out, vandalism, story doesn't fit injury

Front 91

What is the treatment for an abused or neglected child?

Back 91

identification- leave child, remove abuser, ask child alone what happened or ask the parent not to speak
primary prevention- parenting classes, talk to them, educate
child therapy

Front 92

What are the physical symptoms of a sexual abused child?

Back 92

vaginal infection, rectal tears, bladder infections, STD, oral herpes

Front 93

What are the behavioral symptoms of a sexual abused child?

Back 93

conduct d/o, withdrawal, night terrors, regression-bed wetting, sexually acting out in school, self mutilation, phobias, depression and suicide attempts

Front 94

What are some characteristics of adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse?

Back 94

lack trust, poor self esteem, poor coping skills
difficult with intimate relationships
promiscuous in relationships
perpetrators themselves
mental illness: dissociative d/o, depression, anxiety, eating d/o, substance users, PTSD, dependent personality, borderline

Front 95

What is the treatment for a sexual abused child?

Back 95

long term- one on one therapy
may come back during a major stressor

Front 96

What is secondary victimization?

Back 96

if they told someone and they didn't believe you and results in even longer therapy

Front 97

What is a rapist's profile?

Back 97

angry, rageful, mother that was overbearing, abusive home where one parent didn't protect them, sexual abused

Front 98

What is rape trauma syndrome?

Back 98

victim's response to this act of violence
victim is in crisis and will present with expressed response or controlled response

Front 99

What is expressed response?

Back 99

histerical after rape

Front 100

What is a controlled response?

Back 100

not gonna fall apart after rape

Front 101

What are some immediate interventions for a rape victim?

Back 101

assure safety and confidentiality
do not touch the victim
listen and asses how victim perceives event, support system and coping skills

Front 102

What is the reorganization phase?

Back 102

they talk, you listen
therapy
6-8 wks
support groups, journaling, books

Front 103

What should a rape victim know about the days to follow?

Back 103

sleep problems, all kinds of emotions, fear STDS, HIV, pregnancy, talk about suicide, try not to repress, fear being alone, talk about PTSD symptoms

Front 104

What is dementia?

Back 104

gradual onset of memory loss, behavior and personality changes.

Front 105

What is reversible dementia?

Back 105

vascular dementia, drugs, structural problems, depression, endocrine diseases

Front 106

What is irreversible dementias?

Back 106

DAT, alcoholic encephalopathy, strokes, parkinson's, huntington's, chorea, downs syndrome, AIDS, pick's, neuro syphilis

Front 107

What is degenerative brain d/s?

Back 107

changes in brain tissues: amyloidal plaque and neurofibriallary tangles interfere with communication of brain cells

Front 108

What are the risk factors for dementia?

Back 108

old age, smoking, decreased ach, vitamin B's, estrogen, vitamin E

Front 109

What are some common symptoms of alzhemiers?

Back 109

memory loss and forgetting recently learned info
early- miss app, misplaced articles
later- can't learn new task

Front 110

What is apraxia?

Back 110

difficulty performing familiar tasks

Front 111

What is aphasia?

Back 111

problems with language

Front 112

What is agnosia?

Back 112

difficult recognizing well known objects or stimuli

Front 113

What are some defense mechanisms used by someone who has alzhemiers?

Back 113

denial, confabulation- making up things to fill in gaps, preservation- repeating something over and over, avoidance

Front 114

What is delirium?

Back 114

mimic dementia but individual has an abrupt onset of change in mental status and behavior

Front 115

What are the symptoms of delirium?

Back 115

cloudy, foggy, bewildered, confused, disoriented, hallucinations, impaired memory

Front 116

What can cause delirium?

Back 116

electrolyte imbalance, trauma, infection, dehydration, hypothermia, hypoglycemia, sepsis, hpoxia, drug interaction, hypo/hyperthyroidism, hepatic/renal d/s, nutritional deficiency, over stimulation, lack of meaningful stimulation

Front 117

What is the treatment for delirium?

Back 117

find out cause
physical exam
medication inventory
safety
assess senses

Front 118

What is grief?

Back 118

the individual has a painful psychologic and physiologic response to loss

Front 119

What are the physical responses of grief?

Back 119

weakness, anorexia, SOB, tightness in chest, fatigue, exhaustion, insomnia, GI disturbances, increased use of substance, compromised immune system

Front 120

What are the cognitive response to grief?

Back 120

obsession with the loss, difficulty concentrating, hallucinations

Front 121

What are the behavioral responses to grief?

Back 121

inability to perform ADLs, isolation, restless, disorganized, acting out

Front 122

What are the affective responses to grief?

Back 122

sadness, guilt, loneliness, anger, hopelessness, depression, suicide

Front 123

What is anticipatory grief?

Back 123

grieving before the loss

Front 124

What are the stages of grief?

Back 124

denial
anger
bargaining
depression
acceptance

Front 125

What are some nursing diagnosis r/t unresolved grief?

Back 125

abnormal grief, complicated bereavement, adjustment d/o

Front 126

What is abnormal grief?

Back 126

intolerable emotional pain accompanied by suicidal thoughts and/or attempts and the developing of deepening, immobilizing depression

Front 127

What is dysfunctional grief?

Back 127

associated with unresolved issues in the relationship with the person who died, inhibited expression of grief, lack of social support, "de-ritualization" of western culture, traumatic loss, multiple loss, undervalued loss, cumulative grief, poor coping skills, feelings of responsibility for loss.

Front 128

What is the treatment for grief?

Back 128

assess for depression, suicide, insomnia
group therapy
listen, don't minimize or reassure, remember, don't respond to anger, encourage new traditions