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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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graphic representation of genetic inheritance
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pedigree
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circle represents a
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female
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square represents a
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male
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shaded cirlces and sqaures represent
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affected males and females
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a half shaded circle or sqaure, a heterozygous individual
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carrier
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most genetic disorders are
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caused by recessive alleles
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CF __ ___
approximately __ in ___ white amercians carry the recessive allele results in thick __ in the __ and ___ treatment- __ therapy, special __ and new drugs have rasied life expectancy |
cystic fibrosis
1, 28 mucus lungs and digestive track physical diets |
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Tay- Sachs disease
receissive disoredr of the __ ___ __ results in the absence of an enzyme that breaks down ___ produced and stored in cns common in the us among ___ __ usually results in death by age __ |
cns
lipids ashkenazic jews 5 |
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also called PKU
results from absence of enzyme that converts ___ to ___ results in severe damge to the ____ __ ___ most common in US ancestors from __ __ or ___ |
phenylketonuria
phenylalanine to tryosine cns norway sweeden ireland |
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for pku, newborn is healthy a first but once the infant starts drinking milk, __ ___ occurs
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mental retardation
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a ___ test in performed on all infants a few days after birth
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pku
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treatment for pku- a diet that is low in ____ until the brain is fully developed
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phenlalaine
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a homo. recesss. female for pku that is preg can damage her __ if she has high levels of phenylalaine in her blood
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fetus
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recessive alleles must be inherited from
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both parents to show
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a single __ allele from one parent is all that is needed to show
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dominant
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3 ex of dominant traits
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willows peak, cleft chin, ear lobes
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a lethal genetic disorder causes by a rare dominant allele
results in breakdown of certain areas of the ____ ____ treatment exsists occurs during ___ people so an individual may already have had ___ before knowing they had the disease a __ test has been created |
huntingtons disease
brain no effective middle aged, children genetic |
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the phenotype of heterozygous individuals is intermediate between those of 2 homozygotes
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incomplete dominance
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cause the phentotypes of both homozygotes to be produced in heterozygous individuals
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codominance
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two diff uppercase letters are used to represent the alleles in
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codominance
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traits controlled by more than 2 alleles
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multiple alleles
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22 pairs of homologous chromosones
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autosomes
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23rd pair of chromosones that differ
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sex chromosones
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23rd pair for females is
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XX
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23rd pair for males is
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XY
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females only produce ___ gametes
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X
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it is the __ gametes that determines the __ of the offspring.
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male sex
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traits controlled by genes located on sex chromosones
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sex-linked traits
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allres for sex-linked traits are written as
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superscripts of x and y
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because the x and y are not homologous the y chromosone has no
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corresponding allele to one on x chromosone
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discovered sex-linked traits in fruit flies
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thomas hunt morgan
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skin color and height in humans and cob length in corn
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polygenic inheritance
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the inheritance pattern of a trait is controlled by
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two or more genes
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five things that influence gene expression in external environment
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temp nutrition light chemicals and infectious agents
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internal environment is different in males and females bc of __ and __ ___
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hormones and strucutal differences
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most common black americans whose families origianted in africa
white am whose fam is from med. sea |
sickle cell disease
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about __ in __ AF AM is heterozygous for sickle cell
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1 in 12
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normal red blood cells are
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disc-shaped
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abnormal red blood cells are
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sickle shaped or half moon
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sickle cells slow blood flow, __ small vessles, and result in tissue__ and __
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block damage and pain
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sickle cells have a __ life span than normal red blood cells
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shorter
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individuals who are heterozygous for sickle cell allele proudce __ and ___ hemoglobin
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normal and sickle
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blood typing is necessary before a person can receive a
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blood transfusion
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can blood typing determine the father of a child?
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no
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male genotype
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XY
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female genotype
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XX
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most of the genes determined by sex chromosones are carried on the __ chromosone
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X
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if a son receives an X chromosone with a recessive allele, the recessive phentoype will be expressed because
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he doesnt inherit on the y chromosone from his father
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people cant differentiate between green and red
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red-green color blindness
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about _ male in every ____ has hemophilia but only
__female in every__ has it |
1, 10000
1 100 million |
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x-linked disorder that causes a problem with blood clotting
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hemophilia
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they family of ____ is best-known study of hemophilia A
also caclled |
queen victoria
royal hemophilia |
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hemophilia A can be treated with ____ and injections of ___ but it is ___
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blood transfusions factor VIII
expensive |
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color variations in human eyes
first tested using data on skin color |
polygenic inheritance
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normal
___ pairs or __ chromosones |
23 46
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__pairs of autosomes and __ pair of sex chromosones
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22 1
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humans with an extra autosome
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trisomy
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down syndrome is also known as
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trisomy 21
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most human abnormal chromosone numbers result in
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embryo death
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down syndrome
only __ ___ in which indivduals survie to adulthood |
autosomal trisomy
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DS occurs in about _ in __ live births
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1 700
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ex of abnormal numbers of sex chromosones
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XXX XXY XYY XO
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what sex is an XYY individal? why?
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male bc it only takes one y to be considered male
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