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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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free recall
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recall words in any order
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cued recall
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paired-associate learning
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yes-no/old-new recongition
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hit, correct reject, miss, failure
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n-forced choice recognition
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correctly choose word out of list
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modal model of memory
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3 modes of memory based upon capacity, coding, and duration
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sensory memory
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closely tied to perception; continue to feel/see something after it is gone
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duration of sensory memory
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~.5 seconds for icon, 2-3 seconds for echo
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capacity of sensory memory
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large amount
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coding of sensory memory
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modality-specific information
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capacity definition
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how much is stored
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coding definition
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what is stored
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duration definition
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how long it is stored
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STM capacity
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7+/-2 items, dependent upon chunking
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STM coding
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acoustic; hard to recall similar-sounding letters
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STM duration
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18-30 seconds
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Brown-Peterson task
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Ps shown trigram, counted by 3s, forgot after 18 seconds
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working memory
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a limited-capacity workspace that can be divided between storage and control processing;
breakdown of STM into separate components |
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phonological loop
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subvocal rehearsal to maintain auditory/verbal material
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visuospatial sketchpad
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maintains visual and spatial information
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central executive
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directs flow of information
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primacy effect
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better memory for words from start of list due to more rehearsal
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recency effect
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better memory for words from end of list due to STM
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Sperling's iconic memory experiments
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partial report > whole report
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Sperling's echoic memory experiment
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present auditory stimuli and cue with light
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decay hypothesis
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memory trace will simply disappear
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interference hypothesis
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information will be displaced by other information
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proactive interference
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earlier learning disrupts later learning
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retroactive interference
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later learning disrupts earlier learning
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Sternberg's STM retrieval experiment
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studied short list of up to 6 items followed by test probe; decided if probe item was in list, and measured RT to make yes/no response
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parallel search hypothesis
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simultaneous handling of multiple operations;
RT should be the same regardless of size because all comparisons would be done at once |
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serial search hypothesis
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operations being done one after another (it should take longer to search in 4 items than 2)
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serial self-terminating search
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checking test probe against ONLY those items needed to form response
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serial exhaustive search
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checking test probe against ALL items in set, even if match was found partway through list
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Sternberg's results
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linear increase of RT regardless of set size: serial exhaustive search
ONLY apply to unordered independent stimuli |
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DeRosa & Tkacz's experiment
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ordered sequences of pictures; Ps used parallel search
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retrograde amnesia
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inability to retrieve old memories
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anterograde amnesia
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inability to form new memories
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