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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hippocampal inputs
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Cortex (to entorhinal cortex)
Basal forebrain (Cholinergic input from the septal nuclei enhances plasticity and is lost in Alzheimers) Diffuse projecting systems (DA, NE, 5HT) |
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Direct Hippocampal outputs
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Entorhinal cortex
Amygdala Basal Forebrain Nucleus Accumbens |
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Hippocampal outputs that go through the fornix
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Mammilary bodies
Septum Thalamus |
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Amygdala projections to emotional memory pathway
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Orbitofrontal cortex
Nucleus accumbens Temporal lobe |
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Amygdala projections to endocrine/autocrine pathways
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Hypothalamus
Brainstem autonomic nuclei Diffuse projecting systems |
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Which amygdala projections are involved with olfaction?
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Olfactory structures
Hypothalamus Thalamus |
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Memory roles of the amygdala
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Associative learning - fear conditioning
Appetitive conditioning - addiction modulation of EXPLICIT memory |
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Inability to recognize emotion from facial expression.
Tame, placid behavior. Friendly, overly trusting behavior. Are all indicative of a lesion in... |
The Amygdala
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Another name for the 3 layered hippocampal formation.
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Archicortex
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Another term for Limbic cortex
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Mesocortex
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The Mesocortex or limbic cortex includes...
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Parahippocampal Gyrus
Cingulate Gyrus Orbitofrontal cortex |
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How many layers in the limbic cortex?
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It forms a gradual transition between a 3 and 6 layer cortex.
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Characteristics of retrograde amnesia.
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Usually impairs explicit memory but preserves implicit memory (think Jason Bourne).
Most recent memories go first. Associated with cortical or white matter damage. |
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Define corticoid area and give an example.
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Simple cortex that merges with subcortical nuclei.
Eg. Amygdala |
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Structures associated with short term memory.
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Prefrontal cortex
Posterior parietal cortex Fibers that connect them (ie. Superior longitudinal fasiculus) |
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How many items can a normal short term memory hold?
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7 (+or-2)
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Structures associated with explicit memory
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Association cortex
Medial temporal lobe Diencephalon |
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Anterograde amnesia as in patient H.M is caused by damage to....
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Medial temporal lobes (required to form new memories)
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Structures Associated with implicit memory
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Amygdala
Cerebellum Striatum Nucleus Accumbens Motor cotex |
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Medial temporal lobe damage
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Inability to form new memories
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Inferior temporal lobe damage causes....
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Agnosia
Visual agnosia=inability to recognize specific types of objects. |
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Limbic system structures
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Amygdala
Olfactory Gyrus Hippocampal formation Basal Ganglia |
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Seeing words activates....
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occipital visual centers
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Processing that involves comprehension and expression of substative content occurs in....
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Language centers of the left (or dominant) hemisphere
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Processing that involves comprehension and expression of the emotional content of language or prosody occurs in....
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Language centers in the right (or non-dominant hemisphere)
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Hearing words activates....
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Wernicke's area
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Homeostasis, Olfaction, Memory and emotions/drives are all functions of the.....
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Limbic system
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Functions of the Limbic system include
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Appetitive behaviour
Sexual drives Emotions Addictive behaviour Primitive value systems |
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The Hippocampal circuit's role in learning is...
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The acquisition of explicit memory.
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The amygdala circuit's role in learning is...
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The acquisition of emotional memory.
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In order. What three structures apart from the amygdala are involved in the amygdala learning circuit?
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Stria Terminalis
Mediodorsal nucleus of the thalamus Orbital and medial prefrontal cortex |
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In order. What three structures other than the Hippocampus are invovled in the hippocampal learning circuit?
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Fornix
Anterior nucleus of the thalamus Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex |
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Cheyne Stokes respirations for neurological reasons are a sign of....
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Bilateral hemispheric problems
separation of the brainstem from the hemispheres |
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A naturally occuring protein which catalyzes the the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin is....
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t-PA
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An area of slavageable tissue around an infarct is called a....
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Penumbra
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The FDA approves of the use of rt-PA within...of stroke.
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3 hours
(IA or mechanical thrombolysis may extend the time window.) |
