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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Coding |
Baddeley: acoustically similar/dissimilar and semantically similar/dissimilar. Immediate recall (STM) did worse on acoustically similar and after 20 mins (LTM) did worse on semantically similar. |
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Capacity - Jacobs |
Digit span: 4 digit number to recall and increased until incorrect . Mean for digits was 9.3 items and 7.3 letters. |
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Capacity - Miller |
Chunking: observed things in sevens (7+-2 chunks). Grouping increased it to 5 words and 5 letters. |
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Duration - Peterson & Peterson |
Constant syllable then 3 digit number to stop rehearsal. Duration of STM was 18 secs. |
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Duration - Bahrick et al |
High school yr book. Photo recognition: after 15yrs (90%) ; after 48yrs (70%). Free recall: after 15yrs (60%) ; 48yrs (40%) LTM duration is lifetime |
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Multi media store model |
Attkinson & Shiffrin Sensory register: capacity (huge due to receptors) and duration (less than half a sec). Iconic and echoic store. |
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Types of long term memory |
Episodic - personal Semantic - facts Procedural - skills (unconscious) |
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Working memory model (B&H) |
Central exec. Limited capacity Phonological loop: coded acoustically. Phonological store (hear) and articulatory process for maintenance rehearsal (capacity of 2 secs) Visuo spatial: capacity of 3 or 4 objects. Visual cache and inner scribe (arrangement of objects in visual fields) Episodic buffer: capacity of 4 chunks |
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Explanation of forgetting - interference |
McGeoch & McDonald: recall list of words till 100% accurate and then new list. Most similar words had worst recall (synonyms) |
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Explanation for forgetting - retrieval failure |
Godden & Baddeley: context - deep sea divers. 40% lower recall in non matching condition Carter & Cassidy: state - drugs. |
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Factors affecting EWT - misleading info |
Loftus & Palmer: leading q - verb contacted (31.8mph) or smashed (40.5mph) Gabbert: post event dis - 71% identified things not in their video. Control group was 0. |
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Factors affecting EWT - anxiety |
Johnson & Scott: negative - 49% identified pen man and 33% identified knife man. Yuille & Cutshell: positive - 88% accuracy for stressed group and 75% for less. Yerkes Dodson: performance and stress is u shape curve |
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Improving EWT - cognitive interviews |
1. Report everything 2. Reinstate context 3. Reverse order 4. Change perspective |
