Memory

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PROPERTIES OF MEMOMORY

Back 1

-could be long lasting, and has many stages.
-Depend on arousal, motivation, and emotional state
-Long term memory represent by physical change in the brain.
-Different region in the brain involve in different kind of memory.
-Memory can 'move'

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TEMPORAL CATEGORY OF MEMORY

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--Memory has different stages: +Short term memory last a min maybe an hour.
-Special class of short term mem. : called working memory allows you to keep information you has in mind just long enough until the task at hand is finished.
-Memory last at least 24 hours: called long term memory. Long term memory also depend on the protein synthesis
-LONG TERM Memory: last at least a day, to over many years.

Front 3

DOPAMINE

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-Release from substantia nigra, ventral segmental. These parts project to different parts of the brain.
-Involve in movement,motivation, reward, and reinforcement.

Front 4

NOREPINEPHRINE

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-exist mostly in the locus coruelus.
-Involve in the sleep/wakefullness, Attention, novelty, and emotion arousal.

Front 5

LASHLEY'S CONCLUION

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-THE LEARNING PROCESS AND THE RETENTION HABIT DON'T DEPEND ON ANY LOCALIZED FINE STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN THE CORTEX REGIONS.
-tHE CONTRIBUTION FROM DIFF. PART OF THE BRAIN IS THE SAME IN THE QUALITATIVE SENSEEQUIL

Front 6

EQUIPOTENTIALITY

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-ALL PART OF THE BRAIN ARE EQUIVALENCE FOR MEMORY STORAGE
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Front 7

MASS ACTION

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-THE MEMORY DEFICIT IS SIMPLY PROPORTIONAL TO THE REMOVAL AMOUNT OF THE CORTEX.

Front 8

RETROGRADE AMNESIA

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-DON'T REMEMBER THINGS THAT HAPPEN PRIOR TO THE TRAUMATIZED EVENT
-COMMON CAUSES: TRAUMA, DRUGS.

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ANTEROGRADE

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-INABILITY TO FORM ANY MEMORY AFTER THE TRAUMA TIME.

Front 10

H.M. – Severe Anterograde Amnesia Following Bilateral Temporal Lobectomy

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-Minor seizures starting at age 10
Major seizures since age 16
Progressively worse – involved generalized
convulsions, tongue biting, incontinence, and
loss of consciousness (i.e. grand mal
seizures)
Uncontrolled by a variety of medications
At the age of 27 (1953) underwent
experimental surgery – bilateral resection of
the medial temporal lobe
Post-operative IQ (112) and personality
unchanged but severe anterograde amnesia

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Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning

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Caused by consumption of shellfish
contaminated with domoic acid
Domoic acid produced by some strains of
marine phytoplankton (P. nitzschia)
Outbreak in Canada in 1987 sickened 150
people

Symptoms included:
- vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
- weakness, confusion, disorientation
- seizures (5)
- altered states of consciousness (13)
- anterograde memory loss (12)
- death (4)

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DOMOIC ACID

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-INDUCE HIPPOCAMPAL LESION

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PATIENT R.B

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-SUFFER FROM THE ISCHEMIC EPISODE DURING THE CARDIAC BY PASS SURGERY.
-POST-SURGERY: NORMAL I.Q (112)
-PROFOUND AMNESIA.

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PATIENT CLIVE

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Viral Encephalitis – Bilateral temporal lobe damage,
also involves left frontal lobe

Severe anterograde amnesia (temporal lobe damage)

Repeats himself a lot (working memory deficit), highly
emotional behavior (frontal lobe damage)

Past memories intact (recognizes his own handwriting and
his wife, can still play the piano)

Front 15

TYPES OF MEMORY

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-DECLARATIVE:-FACTS AND EVENTS
-NON-DECLARATIVE: