Memory

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Memory

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the storage of knowledge for future references. it is where you encode, store, and retrieve date in your brain.

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Hermann Ebbinghaus:

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Remembered a series of numbers.. yeah.

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Implicit Memory

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Implicit memory is availability of information through memory processes without the exertion of any conscious effort to encode or recover information. Implicit would be what you would do is discover something because of past knowledge, but your explicit memory would be like, “what’s wrong with this?” and see what doesn’t belong.

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Explicit Memory

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Explicit is conscious efforts to recover information through memory processes.

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Declarative Memory vs. Procedural Memory:

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Declarative is facts and information. Procedural is memory how to do things (procedures) Some procedural memories are in declarative.

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Encoding:

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the process by which a mental representation is formed in memory.

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Storage:

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where you keep the memory in your brain. It’s the retention of encoded material over time.

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Retrieval:

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to get the information that is stored.

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Sensory Memory:

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taking in information from your five senses. Then it is sent to the short term memory. (book definition:) The initial memory processes involved in the momentary preservation of fleeting impressions of sensory stimuli.)

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Iconic vs Echoic Memory:

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Iconic memory is a symbol/visual memory that is from sensory memory. Echoic memory is something you hearing, which is also sensory memory.

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Short Term memory:

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Capacity of storing 5-9 items for 7-20 seconds. Something new pushes something old out. There is only limited room and all the information won’t make it to the Long Term Memory. These memory processes are associated with preservation of recent experience with retrieval of information from long-term memory.

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Working Memory:

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to bring out of storage, thinking and receiving the information. It is used to accomplish tasks such as reasoning and language comprehension. It consist of the phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive.

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Chunking:

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The process of taking single items of information and recoding them on the basis of similarity or some other organizing principle.

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Long Term Memory:

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anything is capable of staying forever. you may not be able to retrieve information instantly. It is the memory processes associated with the preservation of information for retrieval at any later time

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Episodic and Semantic Memories:

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they are long term and kept forever. Episodic is episodes of your life, which includes memory of time. Semantic is meaning, such as the meaning of words and concepts.

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Recall:

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A method of retrieval in which an individual is required to reproduce the information previously presented. You actually have to think about what it was.

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Recognition:

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A method of retrieval in which an individual is required to identify stimuli as having been experienced before. Something is familiar and you simply recognize it.

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Interference:

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When something simply interferes when you are trying to remember something. It can cause you to forget something partially or totally.

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Elaborate Rehearsal

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A technique for improving memory by enriching the encoding of information

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associations

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where you compare with other memories using your senses

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peg-word method

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stored information used to remember something new

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Schemas:

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When you put memories into different categories in your mind. You schema can be changed, altered, or effected by other ones. it can mess up your memory and how you focus.

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Amnesia:

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A failure of memory caused by physical injury, disease, drug use, or psychological trauma.

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Maintenance rehearsal

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The process of repeating and thinking about something that is coming from short term memory and moving into long term memory.

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“Context Dependence” and “state” dependence:

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(context) how something is shown, taught to you and how you remember it. (state) interference and how you learn in your state of mind.

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Confabulation:

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a form of retrieval that is usually messed up. (false memories, source amnesia)

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Decay:

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losing link to memory

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Interference:

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an interruption causing you to forget. (input and output)

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Retrieval Failure:

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its there, but you can’t quite grasp the memory

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Motivated forgetting:

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when something is so traumatic your mind cuts it off self conscientiously.