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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Fredrick the great
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Ruler of Prussia who incited Voltaire to the Prussian court in Berlin Voltaire admired him as an enlightened monarch
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Progress of the human mind
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Written by condor cent this work hypothesizes and tracked mine stages of human progress that had already occurred and the tenth would bring perfection
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Montesquieu
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Persian letters and the spirit if laws and used wit against cruelty and superstition
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System of nature
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Written by baron Paul d'Holbach argued human beings are machines completely determined by outside forces
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David Hume
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Argued that the human mind is really nothing but a bundle if impressions originating only in sense experiences
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Catherine the great
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Huge fan of the authors and works of the enlightenment worked to bring sophisticated western culture t backward Russia
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Immanuel Kant
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Greatest German philosopher critique of pure reason
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Francis bacon
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New knowledge had to be pursued through empirical experimental research then invented empirical method
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Leibniz
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German math and philosopher optimism advocate of rationalism developed binary number system
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Johannes Kepler
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Proved mathematically the precise relations of a sun centered solar system
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Deism
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Belief in superior being but a denial of revealed religion basing ones belief on the light of nature and reason
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Pantheism
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Belief God and nature are one In the same
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Rationalism
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Reason is the orbiter of all things
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Utilitarianism
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The greatest good for the greatest number
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Inductive reasoning
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Based on I servant ion find pattern draw conclusion small to big
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Deductive reasoning
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Based on was or general principles apply to specific example big to small
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Enlightenment thinking affect pity cal developments and monarchical absolutism give examples
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Philosophies kinder ed spirits in most continental countries were primarily interested in converting people to critical scientific thinking. Led to political criticism an interest in political reform as both possible and desirable. Curbs on monarchical power promote liberty-Montesquieu. Outside England and Netherlands political change could best come from above from the ruler rather than below
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Previous card
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Philosophers felt benevolent absolutism offered the best opportunities for improving society. Philosophies distrusted people thought they were deluded by superstitions an violent passions
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Frederick the great
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Conquered Silesia abolished torture promoted education
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Joseph the second of Austria
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Granted religious tolerance of Protestants and Jews abolished serfdom
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