Memmlers Chapt 18

Front 1

Normal Respirations:

Back 1

Adults: 12 - 20
Children: 20 - 40
Infants: may be >40

Front 2

Biocarbonate ion:

Back 2

when Hydrogne separates from the carbonic acid structure

Front 3

Carbonic acid:

Back 3

when CO2 mixes with water carbonic acid is formed

Front 4

How is carbon dioxide transported in the blood:

Back 4

- 10% is dissolved in plasma and in fluid w/in the red blood cells

- 15% is combined w/ proteins in hemoglobin/plasma

- 75% is transported as bicarbonate ions

Front 5

Kussmaul Respirations:

Back 5

deep rapid respirations characterized by acidosis usually in those w/ diabetes

Front 6

sinitis

Back 6

inflammation/infection of the paranasal sinuses

Front 7

polyps

Back 7

tumors in the epithelial cells of the nasal cavity

Front 8

septum

Back 8

portion separating the 2 nasal cavities

Front 9

deviated septum

Back 9

when the septum is markedly to one side of the midline

Front 10

when septium is deviated what can occur:

Back 10

one of both of the nasal passages my be occluded

Front 11

epistaxis

Back 11

nosebleed; injury to the mucous membrane in the nasal cavity
- greek word meaning to drip

Front 12

Mucous membranes resist infection by producting:

Back 12

large amounts of mucus

Front 13

pharyngitis

Back 13

sore throat

Front 14

Infections transported through the respirtory passageways:

Back 14

common colds, diptheria, chicken pox, measles, influenza, pneumonia, tb

Front 15

Upper respiratory infection:

Back 15

any infection confined to the nose and throat

Front 16

Any infection confined to the nose and throat is called:

Back 16

An upper respiratory infection

Front 17

Most widespread of all upper respiratory diseases:

Back 17

the common cold

Front 18

Most widespread communicable disease:

Back 18

the common cold

Front 19

Symptoms of the common cold:

Back 19

1. inflamed mucosa of the nose and thethroat

2. copious discharge of watery fluid from thenose

3. inally the thick and ropy discharge that occurswhen the cold is subsiding

Front 20

The scientific name for the common cold:

Back 20

acute coryza

Front 21

Coryza can also simply mean:

Back 21

a nasal discharge

Front 22

Most common cause for lower respiratory infections in infants and young children:

Back 22

RSV

Front 23

RSV is the:

Back 23

Most common cause for lower respiratory infections in infants and young children:

Front 24

RSV infection may result in:

Back 24

bronchiolitis or pneumonia

Front 25

Croup:

Back 25

Usually affects children under the age of 3

Front 26

Croup results from:

Back 26

upper respiratory inflammation

Front 27

Croup indicators:

Back 27

obstructed airway; barking like cough, wheezing, difficulty breathing, hoarseness

Front 28

Influenza (flu)

Back 28

- inflammation of the upper respiratory tract along with aches and pains
- is a virus
- spread from the sinus downward to the lungs
- inflammation of the trachea dn bronchi produce a cough

Front 29

Pneumonia

Back 29

inflammation of the lungs in where air spaces become filled with fluid

Front 30

Common cause of pneumonia:

Back 30

strep, staph, pneumonococci, clamidia and viruses

Front 31

What are the 2 main kinds of pneumonia:

Back 31

1. Lobar
2. Bronchio-

Front 32

Lobar Pneumonia

Back 32

entire lobe of the lund is infected at one time

- causative organism is usu-ally a pneumococcus,

Front 33

Bronchiopneumonia

Back 33

the desease process is scattered throughout the lung

- cause may be infection with a staphylococcus, gram-negative Proteus species, colon bacillus (not normally pathogenic), or avirus.

-

Front 34

What is the most common pneumonia:

Back 34

Brochiopneumonia

most often is secondary to an infection or to a lowered resistance to disease.

Front 35

exudate:

Back 35

fluid in the aveoli that consists mostly of serum, pus and products of infection

Front 36

PCP

Back 36

Pneumocystis pneumonia

Front 37

PCP occurs in:

Back 37

- people with compromised immune systems such as HIV.

- transplant patients

- those on immunosuppressant drugs

Front 38

TB:

Back 38

- small lesions,or tubercles, that form in the lungs

- an infectious disease that grows in the lung;

Front 39

TB can cause:

Back 39

infection in the plueral space (pluerisy) and effusion (increased fluid in the pleural space)

Front 40

Hay fever or asthma:

Back 40

Hypersensitivity to plant pollens, dust, certain foods, andother allergens

Front 41

Hypersensitivity to plant pollens, dust, certain foods, andother allergens is

Back 41

hay fever or asthma

Front 42

Allergic rhinitis is commonly known as:

Back 42

Hay Fever

Front 43

Hay Fever is medically known as:

Back 43

Alleric Rhinitis

Front 44

Hay Fever is characterized by:

Back 44

a watery discharge from the eyes andnose.

seasonal symptoms

Front 45

A watery discharge from the eyes and nose are sysmptoms of:

Back 45

Hay Fever

Front 46

Asthma is the:

Back 46

Inflammation of airway tissues and spasm of the involuntary muscle inbronchial tubes.

Front 47

Inflammation of airway tissues and spasm of the involuntary muscle inbronchial tubes are characterizations of:

Back 47

Asthma

Front 48

Clients with asthma experience:

Back 48

a sense of suffocation and has labored breathing (dyspnea) often with wheezing

Front 49

A sense of suffocation and labored breathing (dyspnea) often with wheezing are indications of:

Back 49

asthma

Front 50

Treatment for asthma:

Back 50

- inhaled steroids o pre-vent inflammation
- inhaled bronchodilators to open airways

Front 51

COPD is used to describe several lung disorders:

Back 51

1. Emphysema
2. Chronic Bronchitis

Front 52

Chronic Bronchitis is characterized when:

Back 52

the airway linings are chronically inflamed and produce excessive secretions.

Front 53

Emphysema is characterized by:

Back 53

dilation and finally destruction of the alveoli.

Front 54

Dilation and finally destruction of teh alveoli are indicators of:

Back 54

Emphysema

Front 55

In COPD respiratory function is:

Back 55

impaired by obstruction to normal air flow, reducing exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Front 56

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) covers a range of:

Back 56

inflammatory disorders that result from other medical problems or from direct injury to the lungs.

Front 57

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is also know as:

Back 57

Shock Lung

Front 58

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) usually appears in:

Back 58

Adults

Front 59

Some causes of ARDS are:

Back 59

1. airway obstruction
2. allergy
3. aspiration
4. sepsis
5. lung trauma

Front 60

As related to ARDS, inflammation and damage to the aveoli results in:

Back 60

1. pulmonary edema
2. dyspnea
3. decreased compliance
4. hypoxemia
5. fibrous scar tissue in the lung

Front 61

Atelectasis is a:

Back 61

- collapsed lung

- incomplete expansion of a lung or portion of a lung

Front 62

Pleurisy:

Back 62

inflammation of the pleura usually accompanied by a lung infection
- pneumonia or TB

Front 63

Pneumothorax:

Back 63

- accumlation of air in the pleural space

- lung on the affected side collapses

Front 64

Hemothorax:

Back 64

blood in the plureal space caused by penetrating wounds

Front 65

Thoracentesis:

Back 65

a huge bore needle is inserted in between the ribs into the pleural space and to remove fluid

Front 66

Phagocytosis:

Back 66

reduction in protective mechanisms in the lungs

Front 67

Bronchoscope is:

Back 67

a rigid or flexi-ble fiberoptic tubular instrument used for inspection of the primary bronchi and the larger bronchial tubes

Front 68

O2 may be delivered to the patient via:

Back 68

1. mask
2. cathereter
3. nasal prongs

Front 69

Suction aparatus is used for:

Back 69

removing mucus or other substances from the respiratory tract by means of negative pressure

Front 70

Tracheostomy tube is used when:

Back 70

the pharynx or larynx is obstructed

- a metal/plastic tube

- is inserted through a cut in the trachea

- acts as an artificial airway for ventilation

Front 71

Tracheotomy is:

Back 71

the inscision into the trachea

Front 72

nas/o

Back 72

nose

Front 73

or/o

Back 73

mouth

Front 74

mouth

Back 74

or/o

Front 75

nose

Back 75

nas/o

Front 76

laryng/o

Back 76

larynx

Front 77

larynx

Back 77

laryng/o

Front 78

pleur/o

Back 78

side; rib

Front 79

side/rib

Back 79

pleur/o

Front 80

spir/o

Back 80

breathing

Front 81

breathing

Back 81

spir/o

Front 82

capn/o

Back 82

carbon dioxide

Front 83

carbon dioxide

Back 83

capn/o

Front 84

-pnea

Back 84

breathing

Front 85

orth/o

Back 85

straight

Front 86

straight

Back 86

orth/o

Front 87

breathing

Back 87

-pnea

Front 88

pneumon/o

Back 88

lung

Front 89

atel/o

Back 89

incomplete

Front 90

pneum/o

Back 90

air/gas

Front 91

air/gas

Back 91

pneum/o

Front 92

incomplete

Back 92

atel/o

Front 93

-centesis

Back 93

tapping or perforation

Front 94

tapping or perforation

Back 94

-centesis