Membranes

Front 1

major classes of membrane compounds

Back 1

cholesterol and phospholipid

Front 2

myelin is primarily what compound?

Back 2

lipids

Front 3

the inner mitochondrial membranes are primarily made of what compound?

Back 3

protein

Front 4

the major components of eukaryotic cell membranes?

Back 4

glycerophospholipids
sphingophospholipids
cholesterol

Front 5

phosphoric acid and fatty acid chains are attached to glycerol through what mechanism?

Back 5

esterification

Front 6

which carbons have the fatty acid chains in glycerophospholipids?

Back 6

1 and 2

Front 7

the most common glycerol-phospholipids in membranes?

Back 7

phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine-positively charged head groups

Front 8

another name for phosphatidylethanolamine?

Back 8

cephalin

Front 9

another name for phosphatidylcholine?

Back 9

lecithin

Front 10

glycerolphospholipids with negative polar head groups?

Back 10

phosphatidylinositol
phosphatidylserine
cardiolipin

Front 11

another name for cardiolipin?

Back 11

diphosphatidylglycerol-two phosphatidic acids linked by a glycerol

Front 12

where is cardiolipin found?

Back 12

mitochondrial inner membranes and bacterial membranes

Front 13

the backbones for sphingolipids

Back 13

sphingosine and dihydrosphingosine

Front 14

what is a ceramide?

Back 14

a spingosine with a saturated or unsaturated fatty acid chain in amide linkage on the amino group

Front 15

ceramide is similar in structure to what molecule?

Back 15

diacylglycerol

Front 16

what is sphingomyelin made of ?

Back 16

ceramide and phosphorylcholine

Front 17

the most abundant sphingolipid in mammalian tissues?

Back 17

sphingomyelin

Front 18

what is esterified at C1 of sphingomyelin?

Back 18

phosphorylcholine

Front 19

how does cholesterol effect membrane fluidity?

Back 19

increase cholesterol-decrease fluidity

Front 20

in what disease does the concentration of cholesterol incr.?

Back 20

cirrosis of liver in hepatocytes

Front 21

membrane with the highest % of sphingolipids

Back 21

plasma membranes

Front 22

intracellular membranes are primarily made of what compound?

Back 22

glycophospholipids

Front 23

what membranes are intermediate in lipid concentration?

Back 23

mitochondria, nuclei, rough ER, golgi

Front 24

what movements of individual membrane molecules are most likely?

Back 24

within their own monolayer, NOT FLIP-FLOP

Front 25

where is the membrane most viscous?

Back 25

close to the lipid head groups

Front 26

what are liposomes?

Back 26

artificial membranes formed by mixtures of glycerophospholipids

Front 27

how fast do membrane proteins redistribute?

Back 27

around 40 minutes

Front 28

what lipids are primarily found in the outer leaflet of erythrocytes?

Back 28

sphingomyelin and phosphatidylcholine

Front 29

what lipids are primarily found in the inner leaflet of erythrocytes?

Back 29

phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine

Front 30

what are the transmembrane segments of integral membrane proteins made of?

Back 30

hydrophobic amino acids

Front 31

functions of membrane proteins

Back 31

1 movement of charged and uncharged molecules
2 receptors for hormones and growth factors
3 enzymes for transduction of signals
4 maintenance of cell shape

Front 32

what is contained in pockets of unsaturated cis double bonds?

Back 32

water and small ions

Front 33

why does cholesterol reduce fluidity?

Back 33

reduces the coiling of fatty acid chains

Front 34

Ca2+ effect on membrane fluidity?

Back 34

decrease because of interaction with negatively charged phospholipids

Front 35

where is fluidity greatest?

Back 35

the membrane middle, less physical constraint