Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
allele
|
One of two or more molecular forms of a gene that arise by mutation and specify slightly different versions of the same trait.
|
|
|
asexual reproduction
|
Any reproductive mode by which offspring arise from and inherit genes from just one parent.
|
|
|
centromere
|
Constricted part of a chromosome to which spindle microtubules attach.
|
|
|
chromosome number
|
Sum of all chromosomes in a given type of cell.
|
|
|
crossing over
|
At prophase I of meiosis, the reciprocal exchange of segments between two nonsister chromatids of a pair of homologous chromosomes; results in novel combinations of alleles.
|
|
|
diploid number
|
Total chromosome number in cells that have a pair of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species.
|
|
|
egg
|
Female gamete.
|
|
|
fertilization
|
Fusion of a sperm nucleus and an egg nucleus, the result being a zygote.
|
|
|
gametophyte
|
Multicelled, gamete-producing body (haploid) that forms during life cycles of some algae and all plants.
|
|
|
gene
|
Unit of information for a heritable trait in DNA, passed from parents to offspring.
|
|
|
haploid number
|
Total chromosome number in cells that have one of each type of chromosome characteristic of the species.
|
|
|
homologous chromosome
|
One of a pair of chromosomes, identical in size, shape, and gene sequence, each inherited from a different parent. Nonidentical sex chromosomes are also considered homologs.
|
|
|
meiosis
|
Only nuclear division process that halves the chromosome number of a parental cell, to the haploid number. Forms gametes in animals and spores in plants.
|
|
|
oocyte
|
Immature egg.
|
|
|
ovum
|
Mature secondary oocyte; mature egg.
|
|
|
polar body
|
in vertebrates, one of four cells that forms by meiotic cell division of an oocyte but that does not become the ovum
|
|
|
sexual reproduction
|
Production of genetically variable offspring by meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
|
|
|
sister chromatids
|
Two identical DNA molecules (and associated proteins) attached at the centromere until they are separated from each other at mitosis or meiosis; each is then a separate chromosome.
|
|
|
sperm
|
Mature male gamete.
|
|
|
spore
|
A reproductive or resting structure of one or a few cells, often walled or coated; protects against harsh conditions, aids in dispersal, or both
|
|
|
sporophyte
|
A vegetative body that grows by way of mitotic cell divisions from a plant zygote and produces spore-bearing structures.
|
|
|
What is more efficient, sexual reproduction or asexual reproduction?
|
asexual reproduction, whereby an individual makes offspring that are copies of itself.
|
|
|
What are aphids?
|
plant sucking insects.
|
|
|
What 3 things does sexual reproduction require?
|
meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization.
|
|
|
What is asexual reproduction.
|
this is when something reproduces all by itself. In this process, one alone can produce offspring, and each of these offspring will inherit the same number and kinds of genes as its parent.
|
|
|
What are genes?
|
genes are stretches of chromosomes that contain all the heritable information that is necessary to create a new individual.
|
|
|
What is a clone?
|
an identical copy of the parent.
|
|
|
What is sexual reproduction?
|
sexual reproduction is where pairs of genes, one from the paternal and maternal, are paired together in the origin.
|
|
|
What is an allele?
|
each unique molecular form of the same gene.
|
|
|
What is the result of new combinations of alleles?
|
this will result in variation in traits... variation in traits is a foundation for evolutionary change.
|
|
|
Homologous chromosomes
|
means chromosomes that are alike
|
|
|
Where do male gametes originate in a flowering plant?
|
in the anther.
|
|
|
Where do female gametes originate in flowering plants?
|
in the ovules, which are inside the ovary.
|
|
|
Where do male gametes orignate in humans?
|
in the testis
|
|
|
Where do female gametes originate in humans?
|
in the ovary.
|
|
|
What is a haploid number?
|
haploid number (n) - meiosis halves the chromosome number, therefore gametes have a haploid number of chromosomes.
|
|
|
Remember to review section 9.3.
|
meiosis I: prophase I, metaphase I, anaphas I, telophase I
Meiosis II: prophase II, Metaphase II, Anaphase II, Telophase II |
