Meiosis And Mitosis

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Centromere

Back 1

Region containing specific DNA sequences where the chromatic is attached most closely to its sister chromatid

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Cebtriole

Back 2

A structure in the centrosome of an animal cell composed of a cylinder of microtubules triplets arranges in a 9+0 pattern

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Centrosome

Back 3

A subcellular region containing material that functions throughout the cell cycle to organize the cell's microtubules

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Kinetochore

Back 4

A structure of proteins associated with specific sections of chromosomal DNA at each centrpmere

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Chromatin

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The entire complex of DNA and proteins that is the building material of chromosomes

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Sister chromatids

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Joined copies of the original chromosome.

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Chromosome

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Contain packaged DNA molecules

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Locus

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A gene's specific location along the length of a chromosome.

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Homologous Chromosomes

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2 chromosomes containing a pair that have the same length, centromere position, and staining pattern.

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Tetrad

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A group or set of four chromosomes

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Somatic Cell

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Body Cell

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Gamete

Back 12

Sperm and Eggs

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Gonad

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Ovaries or Testes

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Fertilization

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Fusion of 2 gametes together, returning chromosome number to 46

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Sex Chromosomes

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X or Y chromosomes

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Autosomes

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All chromosomes other than X and Y

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Haploid

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Cell with a single set of chromosomes. Has a haploid number -n

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Diploid

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A cell with 2 chromosomal sets. Represented by 2n, or the diploid number.

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Synapsis

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When paired homologs become physically connected to each other along their lengths by a zipper like protein structure

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Crossing Over

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A genetic rearrangement between non-sister chromatids involving the exchange of corresponding segments of DNA molecules

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Chiasmata

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The x shaped region on the homologous pair where crossing over has occurred

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G1

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1st gap: Synthesizes proteins and produces organelles

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S phase

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DNA synthesis, synthesizes proteins and produces organelles

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G2

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Synthesizes proteins and produces organelles

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Density Dependent Inhibition

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A phenomenon in which crowded cells stop dividing.

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Restriction Point

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In G1, it will tell the cell to continue with division or stop and go into G0 phase

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G0 Phase

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A nondividing state

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Prophase of Mitosis

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Prometaphase of Mitosis

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Metaphase of Mitosis

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Anaphase of Mitosis

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Interphase of Meiosis

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Prophase 1 of Meiosis

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Anaphase 1 of Meiosis

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Prophase 2 of Meiosis

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Metaphase 2 of Meiosis

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Anaphase 2 of Meiosis

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Differences

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Karyotype

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The human chromosomes paired and lined up in order

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Cyclin

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A protein that gets its name from its cyclically fluctuating concentration in the cell

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MPF

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Maturation promoting factor, it triggers the cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into M phase