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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Meiosis
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the process by which gametes are created (haploid cells), occurs in gonads
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Gamete
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sex cells
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Gene
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the physical traits expressed by one's DNA
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Chromosome
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made up of condensed genetic material (found in the nucleus)
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Chromatid
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two make up one chromosome
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Centromere
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the center point of two chromatids
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Homologous Chromosomes
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the two chromosomes in a gamete (one from each parent) that each code for the same traits
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Diploid v. Haploid
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diploid means that there are the full number of chromosomes whereas haploid means that there are half the number of chromosomes
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Zygote
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the group of cells formed by the first few cell divisions, containing genetic info from both the mother and father
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Autosome
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chromosomes 1-22
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Sex Chromosome
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chromosome 23
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Karyotype
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a picture of one's chromosome pairs, to check for mutations
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Gametogenesis
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the production of gametes: oogenesis and spermatogenesis
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Crossing Over
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results in recombination of genes found on the same chromosome
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Nondisjunction
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the failure of chromosome pairs to separate properly during cell division
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Hybrid
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when a chromosome has genetic information from both parents
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Rule of Multiplication
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Segregation of the alleles into gametes is like a coin toss
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Law of Segregation
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when any individual produces gametes, the copies of a gene separate, so that each gamete receives only one copy
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Law of Independent Assortment
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alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation
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