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144 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Topic |
RBC metabolism and membrane physiology |
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RBC metabolism and membrane physiology Overview |
Energy production processes of the RBC Mechanisms to maintain heme iron in the reduced state RBC membrane physiology |
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RBC Membrane Review |
Explain the role of the RBC membrane in deformability
Explain how the osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained |
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Energy production in the RBC
Characteristics of oxygen delivery |
It does not require energy. |
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Energy production in the RBC
Oxygen delivery does not require _____ |
Energy |
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Energy production in the RBC
Oxygen _____ does not REQUIRE ______ |
energy |
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Energy production in the RBC
_______ transport does not ______ energy |
Oxygen require |
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Energy production in the RBC
________ does not require energy |
Oxygen transport |
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Energy production in the RBC
Oxygen transport does not ___________ |
require energy |
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Erythrocyte metabolic processes requiring energy
Reading |
Mainteneance of intracellular cationic electrochemical gradients
Maintaience of membrane phospholipids
Maintainence of skeletal protein plasticity
Maintenance of functional ferrous hemoglobin
Protection of cell proteins from oxidative phosphorylation
Initiation and maintenance of glycolysis
Synthesis of glutathione
Mediation of nucleotide salvage reactions |
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Erythrocyte metabolic processes requiring energy Reading |
Mainteneance of intraCELLULAR cationic electrochemical GRADIENTS
Maintaience of membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Maintainence of skeletal PROTEIN plasticity
Maintenance of functional FERROUS hemoglobin
Protection of cell proteins from OXIDATIVE phosphorylation
Initiation and maintenance of GLYCOLYSIS
SYNTHESIS of glutathione
Mediation of NUCLEOTIDE salvage reactions |
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Erythrocyte metabolic processes requiring energy
Mainteneance of INTRA_________ cationic ELECTROCHEMICAL ________
Maintaience of MEMBRANE ____________
Maintainence of SKELETAL ___________ PLASTICITY
Maintenance of FUNCTINOAL ___________ HEMOGLOBIN
Protection of cell PROTEINS from ___________ PHOSPHORYLATION
INITIATION and maintenance of ____________
______________ of glutathione
Mediation of ____________ SALVAGE reaction |
cellular gradient
phospholipids
protein
ferrous
oxidative
glycolysis
synthesis
nucleotide |
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Erythrocyte metabolic processes requiring energy
Mainteneance of ______CELLULAR cationic _______________ GRADIENTS
Maintaience of _____________ PHOSPHOLIPIDS
Maintainence of _________ PROTEIN ________
Maintenance of __________ FERROUS ___________
Protection of cell ____________ from OXIDATIVE ________________
_____________ and maintenance of GLYCOLYSIS
______________ of glutathione
Mediation of NUCLEOTIDE_________ reactions |
intra electrochemical
membrane
skeletal plasticity
functional hemoglobin
protein phosphorylation
initiation
synthesis
salvage
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Various metabolic ___________ in RBCs
EMBDEN-Meyerhof _________ HEXOSE monophosphate __________ METhemoglobin reductase _________ RAPOPORT-Lubering __________ |
pathways
pathway pathway pathway pathway |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
Em_____-Meyerhof _________ Hex____ monophosphate pathway ____hemoglobin reductase pathway Rap________-Lubering pathway |
bden pathway ose Met oport |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
_________-MeyerhOF pathway _________ monoPHOSPHATE pathway ___________ reductASE pathway ___________-LuberING pathway |
Embden Hexose Methemoglobin Rapoport |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
_______-Meyerh___ pathway __________ mono__________ pathway ____________ reduct____ pathway Rapoport-Luber___pathway |
Embden of Hexose phophate Methemoglobin ase ing |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
Embden-_______hof pathway Hexose ______phosphate pathway Methemoglobin _______ase pathway Rapoport-______ing pathway |
meyer mono reduct luber |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
Embden-___________ pathway Hexose _____________ pathway Methemoglobin _________ pathway Rapoport-___________ pathway |
meyerhof monophosphate reductase lubering |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
____________-Meyerhof __________ _________ monophosphate _________ __________ reductase ____________ ____________-Lubering ___________ |
Embden pathway
hexose pathway
Methemoglobin pathway Rapoport pathway |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
Embden_____________________ Hexose _______________________ Methemoglobin _________________ Rapoport-___________________ |
meyerhof pathway monophosphate pathway reductase pathway lubering pathway |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
_______________________ Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs
Embden-Meyerhof pathway
What is it essentially? |
Anerobic glycolysis |
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___________________________
Anaerobic glycolysis |
Embden-meyerhof pathway |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anaerobic _________ |
Glycolysis |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
____________ glycolysis |
Anerobic |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
What is it essentially? |
Anerobic glycolysis |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anerobic Glycolysis Significance |
90% of energy produced through this pathway - net 2 ATP |
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Embden-meyerhof _________
Anaerobic _________
Significance: 90% of ENERGY produced through this _________ - net 2 ATP |
pathway glycolysis pathway |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
______ Glycolysis Significance: 90% of _____ produced through this pathway - net 2 ____ (adenotriphosphate) |
Anaerobic energy ATP |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Significance: ____ of energy produced through this pathway - net 2 _____ |
90% ATP |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anaerobic _______
Significance: ______ of _____ produced through this pathway - net _ ATP |
glycolysis 90% energy 2 |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
___________ Glycolysis
Significance: _____ of energy ______ through this _______- ____ 2 ____ |
Anaerobic 90% produced pathay
net ATP |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Significance: ____ of _____ ______ ______this ______- ___________ |
90% energy produced through pathway net 2 ATP |
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Embden-meyerhof pathway
Anaerobic Glycolysis
Significance: |
90% of energy produced through this pathway - net 2 ATP |
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Various metabolic pathways in RBCs |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway ___________________________ Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
Hexose monophosphate pathway |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway |
Produces NADPH and reduced glutathione to protect RBCs from oxidative stress |
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___________________________
Produces NADPH and reduced glutathione to protect RBCs from OXIDATIVE stress |
Hexose monophosphate pathway |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
Produces _________ and reduced GLUTHATHIONE to protect _____ from _____________ stress |
NADPH RBCs oxidative |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
Produces ________ and reduced glutha______ to protect ______ from _______ STRESS |
NADPH thione RBCs oxidative |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
PRODUCES _________ and REDUCED glu_______ to PROTECT _____ from oxidative ______ |
NADPH thathione RBCs stress |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
___________ NADPH and ________ _______ to ___________ RBCs from ______________ |
Produces reduced gluthathione protect oxidative stress |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
______________ and _____________ to ______________ from _______________ |
Produces NADPH reduced gluthathione protect RBCs oxidative stress |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway |
Produces NADPH and reduced glutathione to protect RBCs from oxidative stress |
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Various metabolic pathways of RBCs |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway _______________________________ Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
Methemoglobin reductase pathway |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function |
Maintains heme iron in ferrous (+2) state |
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__________________________
Function: Maintains HEME iron in FERROUS (+2) state |
Methemoglobin reductase pathway |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function: MAINTAINS _____ iron in _________ (+2) STATE |
heme ferrous |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function: ______ heme IRON in ______ (+_) ______ |
Maintains ferrous 2 state |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function: ________ Heme _____ in _____ (__)_______ |
Maintains iron ferrous +2 state |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function: ______________________ in _______________ |
Maintains Heme iron in ferrous (+2) state |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Function |
Maintains Heme iron in ferrous (+2) state |
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Various metabolic pathways of RBCs |
Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway Hexose monophosphate pathway Methemoglobin reductase pathway ____________________ |
Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
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Raporport-Lubering pathway
Function |
Produces 2,3-DPG |
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________________________
Function: Produces 2,3-DPG |
Raporport-Lubering pathway |
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Raporport-Lubering pathway
Function: Produces 2,3-_____ |
DPG |
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Raporport-Lubering pathway
Function: Produces _____-DPG |
2,3 |
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Raporport-Lubering pathway
Function: _________ 2,3-_____ |
Produces DPG |
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Raporport-Lubering pathway
Function |
Produces 2,3-DPG |
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Notes Embden-Meyerhof pathway |
Anaerobic pahtway of glucose metabolism
Glucose is metabolized through a series of reactions to form PYRUVATE and then LACTATE
Produces 90% of RBC energy (consumes 2 molecules of ATP, generates 4 ATP = net 2 ATP) |
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Embden-Meyerhof pathway
____________ pahtway of glucose metabolism
Glucose is metabolized through a series of reactions to form _________ and then __________
Produces ____ of RBC energy (consumes 2 molecules of ATP, generates _ ATP = net _ ATP)
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Anaerobic pyruvate lactate 90% 4 2 |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway is also known as pentose phosphate ______ |
shunt |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
Reading |
Also known as pentose phosphate shunt
Prevents accumulation of H2O2
Prevents oxidation
Reduced state is ideal |
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Also known as PENTOSE phosphate _____
Prevents accumulation of H2O2
Prevents OXIDATION
REDUCED state is ideal
Pathway? |
shunt Hexose monophosphate pathway |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
Also known as ______ PHOSPHATE _____
Prevents ACCUMULATION of ______
Prevents ___________
__________ state is IDEAL |
Pentose shunt H2O2 oxidation reduced |
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Hexose monophosphate pathway
Also known as pentose _______shunt Prevents _________ of H2O2 Prevents __________ Reduced state is ______ |
phosphate accumulation oxidation ideal |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
Reading |
While HMP prevents the formation of methemoglobin, this pathway reduces it if formed. |
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While HMP prevents the formation of METHEMOGLOBIN, this pathway REDUCES it if formed.
Pathway? |
Methemoglohbin reductase pathway |
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Methemoglobin reductase pathway
While _____ prevents the FORMATION of ____________, this pathway ______ it if FORMED. |
HMP methemoglobin reduces |
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Methemoglobin
While HMP prevents the __________of methemoglobin, this pathway _________it if __________. |
formation reduces formed |
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Reading
Rapoport-Lubering pathway |
Gernerates 2,3-BPG (2,3 DPG) important in oxygen delivery |
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Rapoport-lubering pathway
Generates ______ (_______) important in oxygen ______. |
2,3 BPG 2,3 DPG delivery |
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Rapoport-lubering pathway
Generates _________ important in ____ delivery |
2,3 BPG/DPG oxygen |
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Notes: Hexose monophosphate pathway |
Detoxifies accumulated peroxide Diverts Glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) to pentose phosphate (PP) by the action of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
In this process, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) is reduced to NADPH
NADPH is then available to reduce glutathione disulfide to glutathione
Normal G6PD activity is needed for functioning RBCs
G6PD deficiency is most common RBC enzyme deficiency |
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Notes: Methemoglobin reductase pathway |
Heme iron is constantly exposed to oxygen, an oxidizing agent
Methemoglobin results from the oxidation of heme iron from the ferrous to the ferric state
Reduction of methemoglobin by NADPH is more efficient in the presence of methemoglobin reductase. |
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Erythrocyte membrane Shape of erythrocyte |
Biconcave discs |
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Erythrocyte membrane The shape of erythrocyte allows RBC to do what? |
Pass through narrow vessels |
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The shape of erythrocyte allows them to pass through _____ vessels. |
narrow |
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The shape of erythrocyte allows them to pass through __________. |
Narrow vessels |
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The shape of _______ allows ____ to pass through narrow vessels |
erythrocyte them |
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Notes: Shape of erythrocyte |
Biconcave discs averaging 90 fL in volume Enables RBC to pass through narrow vessels |
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Reading: relative viscocity |
Normal Mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is 32-36%
MCHC above 36% compromises deformability. |
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What is MCHC? |
mean Cell hemoglobin concentration |
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MCHC Normal value |
32-36% |
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MCHC Above 36%
Outcome |
compromises deformability |
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Normal Mean cell __________ concentration (MCHC) is 32-36%
MCHC above 36% __________ deformability. |
hemoglobin compromises |
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Normal Mean ____ hemoglobin _________ (MCHC) is 32-36%
MCHC above _____ compromises __________. |
cell concentration 36% deformability |
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Normal __________cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) is 32-___%
MCHC _______ 36% compromises _________. |
mean 36% above deformability |
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RBC membrane
Structure |
Semi-permeable lipid-bilayer supported by a protein cytoskeleton |
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RBC membrane structure
Semi-_________ lipid-_______ supported by a protein ________ |
permeable bilayer cytoskeleton |
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RBC membrane structure
______-permeable ______-bilayer ________ by a _________cytoskeleton |
Semi lipid supported protein |
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RBC Membrane structure |
Semi-permeable lipid-bilayer supported by a protein cytoskeleton |
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Notes Chemical composition of RBC membrane |
40% lipid, 52% protein,8% carbohydrate |
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Define Glycophorin |
Prinicipal RBC glycoprotein, location of RBC antigens |
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Glycophorin
Principal RBC glyco_______, location of RBC anti____ |
protein gens |
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Glycophorin
Principal _____ glycoprotein, location of _____antigens |
RBC RBC |
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Glycophorin
Principal RBC _______, location of RBC ________ |
glycoprotein antigens |
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Glycophorin
________ RBC ________ , _________ of RBC __________ |
Principal glycoprotein location antigens |
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Glycophorin def. |
Principal RBC glycoprotein, location of RBC antigens |
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RBC membrane structure Recap |
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer supported by protein cytoskeleton |
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RBC membrane structure
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer supported by protein cytoskeleton
List the protein cytoskeleton |
Spectrin Ankyrin |
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RBC membrane structure
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer supported by protein cytoskeleton
List the protein cytoskeleton: Spect__ and Anky___ |
rin rin |
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RBC membrane structure
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer supported by protein cytoskeleton
List the protein cytoskeleton: ____rin and ___rin |
Spec anky |
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RBC membrane structure
Semi-permeable lipid bilayer supported by protein cytoskeleton
List the protein cytoskeleton |
Spectrin Ankyrin |
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Define Deformability |
RBCs' ability to stretch undamaged up to 2.5 times their resting diameter as they pass through narrow capilliaries and splenci pores. |
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_____________________
RBCs' ability to STRETCH undamaged up to 2.5 times their resting DIAMETER as they pass through narrow CAPILLARIES and splenic pores. |
Deformability |
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Deformability
RBCs' ability to _______ UNDAMAGED up to 2.5 times their resting _________ as they pass through narrow _________ and SPLENIC pores. |
stretch diameter capillaries |
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Deformability
RBCs' ability to ___________ up to ____ times their resting _________ as they pass through narrow __________ and _________ PORES. |
stretch undamaged 2.5 diameter capillaries splenic |
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Deformability
RBCs' ability to _____________ up to __________ their _____________ as they pass through ____________and _____________. |
stretch 2.5 times resting diamter narrow capillaries splenic pores |
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Deformability
_____________ to stretch undamaged up to 2.5 times their resting diameter as they _____________narrow capilliaries and splenic pores. |
RBC's ability pass through |
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Deformability
__________ to ________________ to ________their ____________ as they ________________ and _________________. |
RBC's ability stretch undamaged up 2.5 times resting diameter pass through narrow capillaries splenic pores |
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Deformability |
RBC's ability to stretch undamaged up to 2.5 times of their resting diameter as they pass through narrow capillaires and splenic pores |
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability |
Pass through narrow capillaries and splenic pores.
Allow aged RBC (lost deformability) to be filtered in splenic pores and destroyed by splenic macrophages. |
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Role of RBC membrane in ____________
Pass through NARROW capillaries and splenic PORES.
Allow AGED RBC (lost deformability) to be filtered in splenic pores and destroyed by splenic macrophages.
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deformability |
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability
Pass through ______ capillaries and splenic ______.
Allow _____ RBC (lost DEFORMABILITY) to be filtered in splenic _____ and destroyed by splenic MACROPHAGES.
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narrow pores aged pores |
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability
Pass through narrow _________ and ______ pores.
Allow aged ____ (lost ___________ ) to be FILTERED in ______ pores and DESTROYED by ______ MACROPHAGES.
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capillaries splenic RBCs deformability splenic splenic |
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability
____________ narrow capillaries and splenic pores.
_______ aged RBC (lost deformability) to be _______ in splenic pores and ________ by splenic macrophages.
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pass through allow filtered destoryed
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability
Pass through ___________ and ____________
Allow ______________ (_____________) to be ______ in ___________ and _______by ____________.
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narrow capillaries splenic pores
aged RBC lost deformability filtered splenic pores destoryed splenic macrophages |
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Role of RBC membrane in deformability |
Pass through narrow capillaries and splenic pores
Allow aged RBC (lost deformability) to be filtered in splenic pores destoreyd by splenic macrophages |
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Can aged RBC membrane pass through splenic pores? |
N |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained |
The concentration of sodium is low within the cell. The concentration of potassium is high within the cell. Both sodium and potassium cannot pass through the membrane without cation pump.
The osmotic balance is maintained by Cation pump, which stabilize sodium concentration and fluid. |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained
The concentration of sodium is ____ within the cell. The concentration of potassium is ____ within the cell. Both sodium and potassium cannot pass through the membrane without ____ pump.
The osmotic balance is maintained by Cation ____, which stabilize sodium concentration and fluid. |
low high cation pump |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained
The concentration of sodium is _____within the cell. The concentration of potassium is ____ within the cell. Both _____ and ________ cannot pass through the membrane without _____________.
The osmotic balance is maintained by ___________, which stabilize _______ concentration and fluid. |
low high soidum potassium cation pump cation pump sodium |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained
The concentration of _____ is low within the cell. The concentration of _________is high within the cell. Both _____ and ______ cannot pass through the ______________ without _____________
The ___________ balance is maintained by ______, which stabilize ______ concentration and ____. |
sodium potassium
sodium potassium membrane cation pump
osmotic pressure cation pump sodium fluid |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained
The ___________ of _______ is ____ within the ____. The ___________ of _______ is ____ within the ____. Both _____and __________cannot pass through the _______without ________
The ________________ is _________by __________, which __________________ and ___. |
The concentration of sodium is low within the cell. The concentration of potassium is high within the cell. Both sodium and potassium cannot pass through the membrane without cation pump.
The osmotic balance is maintained by Cation pump, which stabilize sodium concentration and fluid. |
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Explain how osmotic balance of the erythrocyte is maintained |
The concentration of sodium is low within the cell. The concentration of potassium is high within the cell. Both sodium and potassium cannot pass through the membrane without cation pump.
The osmotic balance is maintained by Cation pump, which stabilize sodium concentration and fluid. |
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Are sodium and potassium permebale to the RBC membrane |
N |
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Sodium and potassium are imperemable to RBC membrane |
Y |
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Besides sodium and potassium, what cannot pass through the RBC membrane? |
Calcium |
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Besides _____ and _________, calcium cannot pass through the RBC membrane |
sodium potassium |
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Role of Calcium |
Stabilize the membrane peremability
Blood clotting |
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Role of calcium
Stabilize the membrane _______
___________ clotting |
peremability blood |
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Role of calcium
__________ the _________ peremability
Blood ____________ |
Stabilize membrane
clotting |
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Role of calcium
___________ the membrane ___________
________________ |
stabilize peremability
blood clotting |
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Role of calcium |
Stabilize the membrane peremability
Blood clotting |
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What is permeable to the membrane? |
Water Cl- HCO3- |
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What is permeable to the membrane?
Water, ____, HCO3- |
Cl- |
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What is permeable to the membrane?
________, Cl-, __________ |
Water HCO3- |
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What is permeable to the membrane? |
Water Cl- HCO3- |
