Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
relaxation response
|
autonomic/mind body effects that cause mental relaxation--> physical relaxation
|
|
varela
|
huge on neurophenomenolgy
combined science with meditation during 2000's resurgence said: get more/better 1st person data and use it to refine/find more 3rd person data about neural correlates of consciousness |
|
jon kabat-zinn
|
mindfulness def= purposely pay attention in moment and have non judgemental unfolding of experiances moment by moment, lead to this awareness
|
|
4 factors affecting mindfluness
|
sensory awareness
emotional regulation attention in present changing of perspectives on self |
|
2 meditation styles:
focused attention (conc, calm abiding, shamatha) open monitoring (mindefulness, insight, vipassana) |
-sustain attention to experiential object like breath or mantra
-widening of attention to present moment experience including sensory perception, thoughts, feeling |
|
how does meditation engage 3 attentional networks
|
-orienting: have to disengage from habitual orienting of things like random thought of self and reorient to the chosen stimuli like breath
-alert: sustain alertness to monotonous stimuli -executive: need to resolve conflict between automatic things like getting lost in thought/emotions and attending to stimuli or whole field |
|
in experiment looking at automatization of attention
shown that |
super duper experts showed lower activity in LPFC (part of executive and for effortful control of attention)
experts showed highest LPFC activation idea is that : once achieved certain point/level of meditation that you may not get intrusive thoughts since so focused |
|
mindwandering/daydreaming correlated with ___activity
|
DMN
|
|
also during mind wandering have more activity in regions involved in
|
autobiographical memory
thinking about the future theory of mind moral decision making *more self referential thoughts |
|
monkey mind
|
buddhist idea similar to mind wandering
mind jumps around like monkey meditation can clm the monkey |
|
mindfulness and illusion of permanent self
|
-when mind wander very self referential
-think about oureselves and relationships with others -creates barrier creating this "I" -buddhist say this misunderstanding--> mind body changing and we are actually all connected, believe this=happier |
|
mindfulness and selfhood in the brain:
describe the study |
-meditation group use mindfulness based stress reduction
-task: read adjectives (traits associated with people/ourselves like confident, happy) *told to either 1) narrative focus: read adjective and think about how it relates to you 2) mindful focus: read and notice reactions if any, dont get grounded into thinking about it |
|
results of mindfulness and selfhood study
|
-narrative focus show increase activity in DMN associated with self reference and linguistic semantic processing
-mindful focus show increase in somatosensory perception, interoception, body schema **experianced meditators show reduced DMN in MF BUT novice still show DMN in MF because so automatic to mind wander need training to really reduce it |
|
mindfulness reveals
|
distinct neural modes of self reference
|
|
in study took 100's meditators stuck in fMRI and most consistent finding
|
pcc reduced ny lot
pcc hub for DMN actually superhub for brain PCC most connected part of cortex |
|
___&___studies also show reduction in DMN
|
hypnosis (more frontal)
psilocybin (shrooms) |
|
so we know hypnosis, meditation, psychedelics decrease the DMN
and dreaming/mind wandering increasing DMN WHATS WEIRD IS THAT |
all these result in loosening the cognition to habitual patterns to increase creativity/spont insight
they common in this sense so whats up with differing DMN effects |
|
we've been thinking about DMN in certain way rather we should include ideas of (5)
|
automaticity
flow effortlessness agency meta awareness |
|
why could mind wandering being increased DMN activity be weird
|
isnt mind wandering good think/goal directed/task oriented
|
|
why could hypnosis being decreasd DMN activity be weird
|
dont you ignore the environment
|
|
why could psychedelics being decreasd DMN activity be weird
|
it involves spont internal cognitions
|
|
why could meditation being decreasd DMN activity be weird
|
internal orientation/accepting thoughts
|
|
meta awareness=
|
knowledge of current thoughts
|
|
People tend to be only _____ aware that their minds have wandered
|
intermiIently
|
|
mind wandering + meta awareness=
|
decrease DMN
better response inhibition better reading comp less mind wandering |
|
is mind wandering bad
|
depends on who you ask it goes back and oforrth
|
|
a study combined fMRI neurofeedback (real time) with meditation to explore the
results |
-neurophenomenology of DMN
-look at pcc saw deactivation 2 parameters of experiance 1) undistracted awareness 2) effortless |