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27 Cards in this Set

  • Front
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relaxation response
autonomic/mind body effects that cause mental relaxation--> physical relaxation
varela
huge on neurophenomenolgy
combined science with meditation during 2000's resurgence
said: get more/better 1st person data and use it to refine/find more 3rd person data about neural correlates of consciousness
jon kabat-zinn
mindfulness def= purposely pay attention in moment and have non judgemental unfolding of experiances moment by moment, lead to this awareness
4 factors affecting mindfluness
sensory awareness
emotional regulation
attention in present
changing of perspectives on self
2 meditation styles:
focused attention (conc, calm abiding, shamatha)
open monitoring (mindefulness, insight, vipassana)
-sustain attention to experiential object like breath or mantra
-widening of attention to present moment experience including sensory perception, thoughts, feeling
how does meditation engage 3 attentional networks
-orienting: have to disengage from habitual orienting of things like random thought of self and reorient to the chosen stimuli like breath
-alert: sustain alertness to monotonous stimuli
-executive: need to resolve conflict between automatic things like getting lost in thought/emotions and attending to stimuli or whole field
in experiment looking at automatization of attention
shown that
super duper experts showed lower activity in LPFC (part of executive and for effortful control of attention)
experts showed highest LPFC activation
idea is that : once achieved certain point/level of meditation that you may not get intrusive thoughts since so focused
mindwandering/daydreaming correlated with ___activity
DMN
also during mind wandering have more activity in regions involved in
autobiographical memory
thinking about the future
theory of mind
moral decision making
*more self referential thoughts
monkey mind
buddhist idea similar to mind wandering
mind jumps around like monkey
meditation can clm the monkey
mindfulness and illusion of permanent self
-when mind wander very self referential
-think about oureselves and relationships with others
-creates barrier creating this "I"
-buddhist say this misunderstanding--> mind body changing and we are actually all connected, believe this=happier
mindfulness and selfhood in the brain:
describe the study
-meditation group use mindfulness based stress reduction
-task: read adjectives (traits associated with people/ourselves like confident, happy)
*told to either
1) narrative focus: read adjective and think about how it relates to you
2) mindful focus: read and notice reactions if any, dont get grounded into thinking about it
results of mindfulness and selfhood study
-narrative focus show increase activity in DMN associated with self reference and linguistic semantic processing
-mindful focus show increase in somatosensory perception, interoception, body schema
**experianced meditators show reduced DMN in MF BUT novice still show DMN in MF because so automatic to mind wander need training to really reduce it
mindfulness reveals
distinct neural modes of self reference
in study took 100's meditators stuck in fMRI and most consistent finding
pcc reduced ny lot
pcc hub for DMN
actually superhub for brain
PCC most connected part of cortex
___&___studies also show reduction in DMN
hypnosis (more frontal)
psilocybin (shrooms)
so we know hypnosis, meditation, psychedelics decrease the DMN
and dreaming/mind wandering increasing DMN
WHATS WEIRD IS THAT
all these result in loosening the cognition to habitual patterns to increase creativity/spont insight
they common in this sense so whats up with differing DMN effects
we've been thinking about DMN in certain way rather we should include ideas of (5)
automaticity
flow
effortlessness
agency
meta awareness
why could mind wandering being increased DMN activity be weird
isnt mind wandering good think/goal directed/task oriented
why could hypnosis being decreasd DMN activity be weird
dont you ignore the environment
why could psychedelics being decreasd DMN activity be weird
it involves spont internal cognitions
why could meditation being decreasd DMN activity be weird
internal orientation/accepting thoughts
meta awareness=
knowledge of current thoughts
People tend to be only _____ aware that their minds have wandered
intermiIently
mind wandering + meta awareness=
decrease DMN
better response inhibition
better reading comp
less mind wandering
is mind wandering bad
depends on who you ask it goes back and oforrth
a study combined fMRI neurofeedback (real time) with meditation to explore the
results
-neurophenomenology of DMN
-look at pcc saw deactivation
2 parameters of experiance
1) undistracted awareness
2) effortless