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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Feudalism |
the dominant social system in medieval Europe, in which the nobility held lands from the Crown in exchange for military service, and vassals were in turn tenants of the nobles, while the peasants (villeins or serfs) were obliged to live on their lord's land and give him homage, labor, and a share of the produce, notionally in exchange for military protection. |
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-Kingdom / King / Queen |
Rulers of the manor. They watched over the plantation. |
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Lord |
People of the Middle Ages. A king (or lord) ruled large areas of land. To protect his land from invasion, the king gave parts of it to local lords, who were called vassals. In return, his vassals promised to fight to defend the king's land. |
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Knight |
The knights were heavily armored soldiers who rode on horseback. Only the wealthiest nobles could afford to be a knight. They needed very expensive armor, weapons, and a powerful war horse. The first knights of the Middle Ages fought for Charlemagne, the King of the Franks, in the 700s. |
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Serf |
an agricultural laborer bound under the feudal system to work on his lord's estate. |
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Vassal |
a holder of land by feudal tenure on conditions of homage and allegiance. |
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Chivalry |
the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code. |
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Pope/Papacy |
The history of the papacy, the office held by the pope as head of the Roman Catholic Church, according to Catholic doctrine, spans from the time of Peter to the present day. |
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Excommunicate |
officially exclude (someone) from participation in the sacraments and services of the Christian Church. |
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Holy Roman Emperor |
The title of "emperor" was passed from the Romans to the Frankish kingdom when, on 25 December 800, Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne, king of the Franks, emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. |
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Pope Gregory VII |
Gregory VII Latin: Gregorius VII (born Hildebrand of Sovana (Italian: Ildebrando da Soana; c. 1015 – 25 May 1085 AD) was Pope from 22 April 1073 to his death in 1085. |
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Emperor Henry IV |
Henry IV (1050–1106) German King (1056–1106) and Holy Roman Emperor (1084–1106). Embroiled in the dispute with the papacy over the lay investiture of clerics, he deposed Pope Gregory VII and was in turn excommunicated by the Pope (1076). |
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Crusade |
a medieval military expedition, one of a series made by Europeans to recover the Holy Land from the Muslims in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries. |
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Holy Land |
The Holy Land is an area roughly located between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea that also includes the Eastern Bank of the Jordan River. |
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Christianity |
the religion based on the person and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth, or its beliefs and practices. |
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Islam |
the religion of the Muslims, a monotheistic faith regarded as revealed through Muhammad as the Prophet of Allah. |
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Judaism |
the monotheistic religion of the Jews. |
