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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What benefits did rivers offer Europeans? |
easy to Travel encouraged Trade provided Safety (barrier between kingdoms) |
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What benefits did mountains offer? |
provided Safety (barrier between kingdoms) encouraged the development of independent kingdoms...too difficult for one group to rule all |
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The Franks |
Germanic peoples who ruled what is today France Catholic - King Clovis converted...rest followed |
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Charles Martel |
The "Hammer" Mayor of the Palace Led Franks against the Muslims - Battle of Tours in 732...defeat ensured Christianity as Europe's main religion |
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Charles the Great "Charlemagne" |
800 - He expanded kingdom of Franks into an empire... Crowned by Pope as new Roman Emperor |
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How did feudalism get started in Europe? |
The collapse of Charlemagne's empire meant a loss of central govt. Landowning nobles became more & more powerful...they were relied on for protection |
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How is feudal society organized (top-down)? |
King Lords Knights Peasants |
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King Henry II |
established a body of Common Law (same laws throughout kingdom) set up juries (handle arguments over land) |
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King John |
signed the Magna Carta document ensures that govt. is limited and people have rights |
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King Edward I |
credited with establishing Parliament (advisers to the king on making laws) |
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Parliament |
advisers to King Edward I led to representative government in Britain |
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Gregory VII |
became Pope (papacy) in 1073 Put a stop to nobles and kings interfering in Church affairs forbade kings from appointing high-ranking church officials |
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Henry V |
Holy Roman Emperor Enemy of Gregory...claimed he was no longer the Pope He was excommunicated (kicked out of Catholic Church) Overthrown by his son |
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The Inquisition |
an effort by the Catholic Church to stop heresy (criticizing church's teachings) accused were put on trial and punished |
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The Crusades |
Holy War between Catholics and Muslims Byzantine Empire (Christian) came under attack by Turks (Muslim) Muslim Turks captured Jerusalem Pope Urban II asks Lords of Europe for help |
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What 5 effects did the Crusades have on Europe? |
1. Byzantine Empire weakened 2. Increased trade b/ween Europe & M. East 3. Feudalism broke down (land sold/serfs free) 4. Kings built stronger central govt. (tariffs - taxes on trade) 5. Crusaders rediscovered classic knowledge |
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The Reconquista |
Christian struggle to take back the Iberian Peninsula (Spain/Portugal) from Muslim rule |
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Thomas Aquinas |
Philosopher / Catholic Priest believed in 'Natural Rights' - to live, to learn, to worship, & to reproduce... Rights a govt. can't take away |
