Medicinal Chemistry Exam I

Front 1

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum do?

Back 1

An organelle that synthesizes proteins with help from the ribosomes on its surface.

Front 2

What is the golgi apparatus?

Back 2

Organelle responsible for modification and processing of proteins.

Front 3

What are vesicles?

Back 3

Transport vehicles for large or small molecules.

Front 4

What are mitochondria?

Back 4

The cells power plant, makes ATP.

Front 5

What are the four stages of the cell cycle and what happens in each?

Back 5

G1 phase- cell growth phase, larger cell
S phase- DNA replication (transcription) takes place
G2 phase-cell prepares for mitosis by making specialized proteins
M phase- cell divides into two cells

Front 6

Define agonist

Back 6

Drugs that bind to a receptor and give a response similar to the endogenous ligand.

Front 7

Define antagonist

Back 7

Drugs that bind to a receptor and do not give a response

Front 8

Define placebo

Back 8

Name given to a sugar pill, but which can result in typical drug responses (placebo effect)

Front 9

Define paracrine signaling

Back 9

cell to cell signaling that is between cells which are close in proximity

Front 10

Define hydrogen bond

Back 10

An electrostatic attraction between two non hydrogen atoms, one of which bears a hydrogen and where the distance between the non hydrogen atoms is less than or equal to their atomic radii.

Front 11

Define enzyme

Back 11

A protein (or RNA) molecule that makes or breaks chemical bonds in a catalytic fashion (faster than in absence of enzyme.

Front 12

Define protein tertiary structure

Back 12

The organization in 3D space of secondary structure to form a folded protein

Front 13

Define secondary structure

Back 13

The localized ordered structure of a peptide chain. Alpha helices, beta turns, beta strands

Front 14

Define secondary messanger

Back 14

A signal resulting from another signal usually intracellular and amplified

Front 15

What are four important feature when a small molecule binds to a target?

Back 15

Shape
Structure
Elecrostatic
Hydrophobic

Front 16

What is the most reasonable description to express the transformation that occurs during the zipper binding mechanism between a drug and protein?

Back 16

A change in shape of the drug when binding to the protein.

Front 17

Emil Fischer was the first to propose the theory of drug action that describes how the size and shape of a molecule can influence its biological activity. The theory was described as...

Back 17

The lock and key theory

Front 18

The G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) often undergo a conformational change after binding a ligand. This conformational change is required for activation of the receptor and transmission of the signal from outside the cell to inside the cell. This binding interaction and corresponding change in the receptor conformation is called...

Back 18

ligand-induced conformational change theory

Front 19

The study of biochemical pathways is complicated by the fact that they often intertwine with one another and are subject to many regulating processes. One common regulatory process in a biochemical pathway is called a...

Back 19

Feedback mechanism

Front 20

Multiple forms (different 3 -dimensional arrangements of the atoms) for the same
element are called

Back 20

Allotropes

Front 21

When two water molecules form a hydrogen bond the _________ of the interaction is favorable while the _____________of the interaction is unfavorable. These two terms describe the energy change.

Back 21

Enthalpy and Entropy

Front 22

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Back 22

The linear amino acid sequence.

Front 23

Describe the bond which connects amino acids together.

Back 23

A peptide or amide bond. A nitrogen connected to a carbonyl. Makes planar bond segments. Creates double bond character in the C-N bond.

Front 24

What are the different interactions involved in making a beta sheet?

Back 24

Polar interactions, hydrophobic interactions and ionic interactions

Front 25

Describe a protein folding in water.

Back 25

The protein will fold so that the hydrophilic pieces will be on the outside and the hydrophobic pieces on the inside of the protein.

Front 26

Is there only one route for a protein to fold and get to its native conformation?

Back 26

No, there can be many possibilities of folding to get to the same end product.

Front 27

What are prions and how to they create disease?

Back 27

Rogue protein conformations that are not functional.