Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Amoxicillin (ANTIBIOTIC) AKA Amoxil, Apo-Amoxi, DisperMox, Novamoxin, Nu-Amoxi, Trimox, Wymox (Indicates infection)
|
Action: binds to bacteria cell wall causing cell death
Therapeutic: anti-infective, anti-ulcer agents Side Effects: seizures, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, elevated liver enzymes, rashes, urticaria, blood dyscrasias, anaphylaxis, serum sickness, super infection Implications: Lab test evaluations/ due to drug could increase LDH, AST, ALT, Serum Alkaline Phosphate/ May be taken with or without meals (with meals will decrease GI side effects)/ If taken as an oral suspension make sure to shake and keep in fridge and discard within 10 days/Store tablets at room temp Patient Teaching: teach patient to take medication around the clock and to take all medication until gone even if feeling better, teach females using BC to use another form of BC while taking drug, teach also if any other complications arise contact health care provider |
|
|
Cardixem/Diltiazem
(CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKER) AKA Carzem, Apo-Diltiaz, Cardizem, Cardiazem CD, Cardizem LA, Cardizem SR, Cartia XT, Dilacor XR, Diltia XT, Novo-Diltazem, Nu-Diltiaz, Ratio-Diltiazem CD, Syn-Diltiazem, Taztia XT, Tiazac (Indicates hypertenstion, angina pectoris, vasopastic angina, supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, rapid ventricular rates in artial flutter or fibrillation) |
Action: Inhibits transport of calcium into myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cells, (results in inhibition of excitation-contraction coupling and subsequent contraction)
Therapeutic: Systematic vasodilation results in decreased BP. Coronary vasodilation results in decreased frequency and severity of attacks of angina, and suppression of arrhythmias Side Effects: abnormal dreams, anxiety, confustion, drowsiness, headache, nervousness, weakness, blurred vision, disturbed equilibrium, cough, dyspnea, chest pain, bradycardia, diarrhea, dry mouth, vomiting, dyspepsia, polyuria, flushed skin, joint stiffness, tremors etc Implications: Take by mouth with or without meals, dont chew, break, or crush if person has probably with swallowing may be crushed in food or fluids, may also be given through IV Patient Teaching: may cause drowsiness, dizziness, keep good dental hygiene, change positions slowly, teach pt to take pulse and notify doc if pulse is <50, no large amounts of grapfruit juice during therapy, take medication on time daily if you forget take ASAP unless to close to next take time do not take 2 tablets at once, drug may need to be discontinued gradually |
|
|
Colace/Docusate Sodium (LAXATIVE)AKA Colaz, Correctol Stool Softener, Phillips
|
Action: promotes incorporation of water into stool, may also promote water secretion into colon
Therapeutic: Softens and passage of stool Side Effects: throat irritation, mild cramps, rashes Implications: by mouth, can also give by rectum (enema to soften impaction), generic available, dont mix with other laxatives, can be diluted with water or juice Patient Education: teach pt natural ways for bowel evacation like increase water and fiber and movement in diet, laxative should only be used for short periods, dont use when sick |
|
|
Coumadin/Warfarin
(ANTI-COAGULANT prevents blood clotting)AKA Couma, Warfilone |
Action: interfers with synthesis of Vitamin K (dependent clotting factor)
Therapeutic: prevention of thromboembolic events Side Effects: bleeding, fever, cramps, nausea, dermal necrosis Implications: take by mouth, generics available |
|
|
Digoxin AKA Digox, digitek, lanoxicaps, lanoxin
(Anti-dysrhythmic stops disturbed rhythm in heart) |
Action: increases force of myocardial contractions
Therapeutic: antiarrhythmics, inotropics Side Effects: fatigue, headache, weakness, blurred vision, yellow or green vision, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, electrolyte imbalance, diarrhea Implications: take by mouth or IV, or Im, generic available, hold meds if AHR is <60, monitor intake & output, make sure to get pt HST on drug use, evaluate labs Patient teaching: ensure pt to take all meds, but do not ttake more than one at a time, teach pt to take pulse if <60 hold meds, keep meds in original box for ID purposes, no sharing meds, carry info on disease process aand how to take medication |
|
|
Fentanyl transdermal (PAIN KILLER/NARCOTIC) AKA Duragesic patch, Duragesic
|
Action: binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, alters response to and preception of pain
Side Effects: confusion, sedation, weakness, dizziness, respiratory depression, anorexia, constipation, dry mouth, physical dependence, apnea, bronchoconstriction, laryngospasm Implications: taken by skin, generic available, Ax pain, vital signs, before giving and during giving, higher doses may need to be given due to tolerance, Ax bowels, evaluate labs Patient Teaching: may cause drowsiness or dizziness, patch can be worn during bathing ro showering or swimming, instruct pt on how to use and when to ask for meds, caution pt about using other CNS depressants like alcohol, advise pt that heat will release the medication from patch (sauna, hot tub, fever, heating blanket etc). Therapeutic: decrease in severity of chronic pain |
|
|
Glucophage/Metformin (ANTI DIABETICS) AKA Fortamet, Glumetza, Glucophage XR, Nova-Metformin, Riomet
|
Action: decreases hepatic glucose production, decreases intestinal glucose absorption, increases sensitivity to insulin
Therapeutic: maintain blood glucose levels Side Effects: abdominal bloating, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, unpleasant metallic taste hypoglycemia, decreased vit B 12 levels Implications: AX kidneys during tx, monitor blood glucose, when combined with oral sulfonylureas observe signs and symptoms of hypoglycemic reactions (abdominal pain, sweating, hunger, weakenss, dizziness, headaches, tremors, tachycardia, anxiety) If pt has been on medication is glucose is normally under control with meds but pt develops illness or lab abnormalities AX for ketoacidosis or lactic acidosis. If either form of acidosis is present D.C. medication and TX acidosis Patient Teaching: do not double dose, take at same time daily, expain to pt that medication controls glucose but does not cure diabetes so long term, encourage pt to follow diet, medication and exercise regimen, review signs of hypoglycemic episodes and hyperglycemic episodes, during stress monitor glucose more, stress the D.C. use of over the counter meds, alcohol, talk to doctor 1st, if pregnant D.C. oral use of BC, medication can cause metallic taste, ingredients that resemble medication may come out in stool, complete routine follow ups, if needed call doctor, carry disease process and ID and medication regimen at all times |
|
|
Keflex, Cephalexin, Kefx (ANTIBIOTIC) AKA Apo-Cephalex, DOM-Cephalexin, Nu-Cephalex, Panixine, PMS-Cephalexin
|
Action: Bind to bacterial cell wall, causing cell death
Therapeutic: Anit-infective, bactericidal action against susceptible bacteria Side Effects: seizures, rashes, vomit, diarrhea, nausea, local pain at IM site, allergic reactions Implications: take by mouth, Ax for infection, obtain cultures and sensitivity, observe signs of allergic reactions, AX labs Patient teaching: do not double dose if miss a dose take ASAP as long as not to close to time of next dose, take all medication until gone even if feeling better, dont share meds, measure using measuring tools if liquid, notify health care provider if any more symptoms occur |
|
|
Lasix/Furosemide, Lasx (Loop Diuretic) AKA APO-Furosemide, lasix special, Novosemide, Nu-Fu-rosemide, PMS-Furosemide
|
Action: inhibits the reabsorption of sodium and chloride from the loop of henle and distal renal tubule. increases renal execretion of water, sodium chloride, magnesium, potassium, and calcium
Therapeutic: decrease blood pressure Side Effects: blurred vision, headache, dizzy, hearing loss, constipation, dehydration, hypovolemia, muscle cramps, rash, excessive urination, dry mouth Implications: Ax fluid status, monitor BP, Ax lab test, if used twice a day last dose should be no later than 5pm to ensure normal sleep cycle, take by mouth, with food or milk, tablets may be crushed, IV route perfered over IM route Patient Teaching: dont double dose, take as directed by doctor, change poistions slow, notify doc of weight gain more than 3 pounds in one day, call doc if any symptoms become present such as dizzy, numb, tingle, muscle weakness, careful in heat |
|
|
Lipitor/Atorvastatin, Lipit (ANTI-LIPIDS)
|
Action: inhibits an enzyme (HMG-CoA) responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol
Therapeutic: Lowers total and LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, slightly increases HDL Side Effects: gas, heartburn, abdominal cramps, altered taste, pancreatitis, rashes, arthritis, periphearl edmea Implications: obtain diet HST, AX lab values, adminster by mouth with food, adminster extended release tablets at bedtime make sure to swallow whole, avoid large amt of grapefruit juice Patiet Education: med should be used with diet restrictions, exercise, stop smoking, dont take OTC without talking with doc first, if pregnant notify doc, make sure followups are kept, do not take more than one dose or skip doses |
|
|
Lotensin/Benazepril, Loten (Ace-inhibitor)
|
Action: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors block the conversion of angiotensin I to the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. ACE inhibitors also prevent the degadation of bradykinin and other vasodilatory prostaglandins. ACE inhibitors also increase plasma renin levels and reduce aldosterone levels. Net result is systemic vasodilation.
Therapeutic: Lowering the blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Side Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, cough, hypotension, nausea, impaired renal function, rash, hyperkalemia, angioedema. Implications: 10 mg once daily, increased gradually to maintenance dose of 20-40 mg per day, precipitous drop in BP during first 1-3 hrs may require volume expansion with NS, History of angioedema with previous use of ACE inhibitors, Can cause injury or death of fetus if pregnant, Use cautiously in pts with renal impairment, hypovolemia, hyponatremia, and concurrent diuretic therapy, black patients, in surgery/anesthesia, Exercise extreme caution with family history of angioedema Patient Teaching: Antihypertensive response may be blunted by NSAIDS-increases levels and may increase risk of lithium toxicity, Excessive hypotension may occur with concurrent use of diuretics, increased risk of hyperkalemia with concurrent use of potassium supplements, potassium sharing diuretics, potassium containing salt substitutes, or angiotension II receptor antagonists. |
|
|
Micro-K/Potassium chloride, (Supplement)AKA; MicK
|
Action: Maintain acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrophysiologic balance of the cell, Activator in many enzymatic reactions: essential to transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle; gastric secretion; renal function; tissue synthesis; and carbohydrate metabolism
Therapeutic: Treatment and prevention of potassium depletion Side Effects: Confusion, restlessness, weakness, arrhythmias, ECG chances, abdominal pain, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, paralysis, paresthesia, -in tablets and capsules only- GI ulceration, stenotic lesions Implications: Administer with or after meals to decrease GI irritation, use of capsules and tablets should be reserved for pts who cannot tolerate liquid preparations, Do not use with renal tubular acidoses, NDA 40-80 mEq/day Patient Teaching: Use with potassium sparing diuretics or ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor antagonists may lead to hyperkalemia, anticholinergics may increase GI mucosal lesions in pts taking wax matrix potassium chloride preparations |
|
|
Nitroglycerin Transdermal, (Anti-anginal), AKA Nitro-Patch
|
Action: Increases coronary blood flow by dilating coronary arteries and improving collateral flow to ischemic regions, Produces vasodilation (venous greater than arterial), reduces myocardial oxygen consumption
Therapeutic: Relief or prevention of anginal attacks, increased cardiac output, reduction of blood pressure Side Effects: dizziness, headache, apprehension, restlessness, weakness, blurred vision, hypotension, tachycardia, syncope, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, contact dermatitis Implications: Administer dose 1hr before or 2hr after meals with a full glass of water for faster absorption, sites of topical application should be rotated to prevent skin irritation, remove patch or ointment from previous site before application Patient Teaching: Do not admix with other drugs, concurrent use of nitrates in any form with sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil increases risk of serious and potentially fatal hypotension, concurrent use is contraindicated, additive hypotension with antihypertensives, acute ingestion of alcohol, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, haloperidol, or phenothiazines, agents having anticholinergic properties (tricyclic antidepressants, antihistamines, phenothiazines) may decrease absorption of lingual, sublingual, or buccal nitroglycerin |
|
|
Percocet/Oxycodone, (Controlled Substance), AKA Perco
|
Action: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, alter the perception of and response to painful stimuli, while producing generalized CNS depression
Therapeutic: Decreased pain Side Effects: Confusion, sedation, dizziness, dysphoria, euphoria, floating feeling, hallucinations, headache, unusual dreams, blurred vision, dipopia, miosis, respiratory depression, orthostatic hypotension, constipation, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, flushing, sweating, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance Implications: May be administered with food or milk to minimize GI irritation, regularly administered doses may be more effective than prn administration. Analgesic is more effective if given before pain becomes severe, medication should be discontinued gradually after long term use to prevent withdrawal symptoms, use with MAO inhibitors may result in unpredictable reactions, increase CNS depression with alcohol, antihistamines, and sedative/hypnotics Patient Teaching: Risk for accidental overdose, psychological and physical dependence |
|
|
Persantine/Dipyridamole, (Vasodilator), AKA Persan
|
Action:PO: decreases platelet aggregation by inhibiting the enzyme phosphodiesterase, IV: produces coronary vasodilation by inhibiting adenosine uptake
Therapeutic:PO: inhibition of platelet aggregation and subsequent thromboembolic events, IV: in diagnostic thallium imagin, dipyridamole dilates normal coronary arteries, reducing flow to vessels that are narrowed and causing abnormal thallium distribution Side Effects: Dizziness, headache, syncope, transient cerebral ischemia, weakness, hypotension, arrhythmias, flushing, nausea, diarrhea, GI upset, vomiting, rash, -IV only- Bronchospasm, MI Implications: Administer with a full glass of water at least 1hr before or 2hr after meals for faster absorption. If GI irritation occurs, may be administered with or immediately after meals, additive effects with aspirin on platelet aggregation, risk of bleeding increased when used with anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, NSAIDS, cefoperazone, cefotetan, valproic acid, or sulfinpyrazone, increased risk of hypotension with alcohol, use cautiously in hypotensive pts, geriatric pts may be more susceptible to orthostatic hypotension, use cautiously in pts with platelet defects Patient Teaching: No alcohol, do not take with aspirin |
|
|
Prilosec/Omeprazole, (Proton-pump inhibitor), AKA Prilo
|
Action: Binds to an enzyme on gastric parietal cells in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen
Therapeutic: Dimished accumulation of acid in the gastric lumen with lessened gastroesophageal reflux, healing of duodenal ulcers Side Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue headache, weakness, chest pain, abdominal pain, acid regurgitation, constipation, diarrhea, flatulence, nausea, vomiting, itching, rash, misc. allergic reactions Implications: Administer doses before meals, preferably in the morning, may be administered concurrently with antacids, decreases metabolism and may increase the effects of Rx antifungal agents, atazanavir, diazepam, digoxin, flurazepam, triazolum, cyclosporine, disulfiram, phenytoin, tacroilimus, warfarin, may interfere with absorption of drugs requiring acidic gastric pH, including esters of ampicillin, iron salts, digoxin, cyanocobalamine, ketoconazole, may increase risk of bleeding with warfarin, use cautiously in pts with liver disease, in older adults increased risk for hip fractures if used in high doses for > 1 yr Patient Teaching: May use safely with antacids, take before meals preferably in the morning |
|
|
Prednisone, (Corticosteroid), AKA Pred
|
Action: In pharmacologic doses, suppresses inflammation and the naormal immune response, suppresses adrenal function at chronic doses of 5mg/day, replaces endogenous cortisol in deficiency states, has minimal mineralocorticoid activity, Unlabeled uses: Adjuntive therapy of hypercalcemia, adjunctive management of nausea and vomiting from chemotherapy
Therapeutic: Suppression of inflammation and modification of the normal immune response Side Effects: (much more common with high dose/long term therapy) Depression, euphoria, headache, increased intracranial pressure (children only), personality changes, psychoses, restlessness, cataracts, increased intraocular pressure, hypertension, peptic ulceration, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, acne, decreased wound healing, ecchymoses, fragility, hirsutism, petechiae, adrenal suppression, hyperglycemia, fluid retention, hypokalemia, hypokalemic alkalosis, thrombophlebitis, weight gain, weight loss, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, aseptic necrosis of joints, muscle pain Implications: If dose is ordered daily or every other day, administer in the morning to coincide with the body's normal secretion of cortisol, administer with meals to minimize GI irritation, may increase requirement for insulins or oral hypoglycemic agents, hypokalemia may increase the risk of digitalis glycoside toxicity, additive hypokalemia with thiazide and loop diuretics, amphotericin B, piperacillin, ticarcillin Patient Teaching: Avoid use if intolerant to alcohol with some products, reactions not fully established with pregnancy |
|
|
Ralafen/Nabumetone, (NSAID), AKA Ralaf
|
Action: Symptomatic management of rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Therapeutic: Suppression of pain and inflammation Side Effects: agitation, anxiety, confusion, depression, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, headache, insomnia, malaise, weakness, abnormal vision, tinnitus, dyspnea, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, edema, fluid retention, vasculitis, GI bleeding, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abnormal liver function tests, anorexia, constipation, dry mouth, dyspepsia, flatulence, gastritis, gastroenteritis, increased appetite, nausea, stomatitis, vomiting Implications: Administer with meals or antacids to decrease GI irritation and increase absorption, use with other NSAIDS may cause cross sensitivity, use cautiously in pts with history of ulcer disease, pts with severe renal or hepatic disease, Increase adverse GI effects with potassium supplements, corticosteroids, may decrease effectiveness of diuretics or antihypertensives, may increase hypoglycemic effects of insulins or oral hypoglycemic agents, increase risk of bleeding with anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents Patient Teaching: Avoid use during 2nd half of pregnancy, avoid use with alcohol, chronic use with acetaminophen may increase risk of adverse renal reactions |
|
|
Restoril/Temazepam, (Sedative), AKA Rest
|
Action: Short term management of insomnia, acts at many levels in the CNS, producing generalized depression, effects may be mediated by GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter
Therapeutic: Relief of insomnia Side Effects: Abnormal thinking, behavior changes, hangover, dizziness, drowsiness, hallucinations, lethargy, paradoxic excitation, sleep driving, blurred vision, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, rashes, physical dependence Implications: Administer with food if GI irritation becomes a problem, increase depression with alcohol, antidepressants, opioid analgesics, and other sedative/hypnotics, may decrease efficacy of levodopa, use cautiously in pts with a history of suicide attempt or drug addiction, liver dysfunction, neonates born to mothers taking temazepam may experience withdrawal effects Patient Teaching: Take at bedtime, smoking may decrease effectiveness |
|
|
Valium/Diazepam, (Controlled Substance), AKA Val
|
Action: Depresses the CNS, probably by potentiating GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, produces skeletal muscle relaxation by inhibiting spinal polysynaptic afferent pathways, has anticonvulsant properties due to enhanced presynaptic inhibition
Therapeutic: Relief of anxiety, sedation, amnesia, skeletal muscle relaxation, decreased seizure activity Side Effects: Dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, depression, hangover, ataxia, slurred speech, headache, paradoxical excitation, blurred vision, respiratory depression, hypotension (IV only), constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, weight gain, rashes, pain (IM), phlebitis (IV), venous thrombosis, physical dependence, psychological dependence, tolerance Implications: Pt should be kept on bedrest and observed for at least 3hr following parenteral administration, use with alcohol, antidepressants, antihistamines, opioid analgesics-results in additive CNS depression, use cautiously in hepatic dysfunction, severe renal impairment, severe pulmonary impairment, history of suicide attempt or drug dependence Patient Teaching: Increased risk of congenital malformations, |
|
|
Wellbutrin/Bupropion, (Anti-Depressant), AKA Wellb
|
Action: Decreases neuronal reuptake of dopamine in the CNS, diminished neuronal uptake of serotonin and norepinephrine (less than tricyclic antidepressants)
Therapeutic: Diminished depression, decreased craving for cigarettes, unlabeled uses-treatment of ADHD in adults, to increase sexual desire in women Side Effects: Seizures, agitation, headache, insomnia, mania, psychoses, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, change in appetite, weight gain, weight loss, photosensitivity, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion Implications: Administer doses in equally spaced time increments during day to minimize the risk of seizures, may be administered with food to minimize GI irritation, increase risk of adverse reactions when used with amantadine, levadopa, MAO inhibitors, increase risk of seizures with phenothiazines, antidipressants, theophylline, corticosteroids, or cessation of alcohol or benzodiazepines, increase risk of bleeding with warfarin, exercise extreme caution with pts with history or seizures, head trauma or concurrent medications that decrease seizure threshold (theophylline, antipsychotics, antidepressants, systemic corticosteroids), severe hepatic cirrhosis, use caution in pts with history of suicide attempts Patient Teaching: Don't use while nursing, pregnant, use cautiously if you have recent history of MI |
|
|
Vitamin/Multi-vitamin, (Supplement), AKA Vita
|
Action: Contain fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E) and most water-soluble vitamins (B-complex vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, vitamin C, biotin, and folic acid), these vitamins are a diverse group of compounds necessary for normal growth and development, many act as coenzymes or catalysts in numerous metabolic processes, liquid products do not contain folic acid
Therapeutic: PO: Prevention of deficiency or replacement in patients whose nutritional status is questionable, IV: Replacement in pts who are unable to ungest oral feedings or vitamins Side Effects: Reactions are extremely rare in recommended doses, urine discoloration (preparations with B vitamins), misc. allergic reactions to preservatives, additives, or colorants Implications: Usually given orally but may be given parenterally to pts in whom oral administration is not feasible, use cautiously in pts with anemia of undetermined cause, may have hypersensitivity to preservatives, colorants, or additives, including tartrazine, saccharin, and aspartame, large amounts of vitamin B may interfere with the beneficial effect of levodpa Patient Teaching: follow recommended dosages |
