Medication Administration Ch. 28

Front 1

What are the key components of safe medication administration?

Back 1

Familiarity with sources of medications, knowing when and how to use them, recognizing unsafe or unclear medication orders, and knowing what to do when such an orders is encountered.

Front 2

What is a drug?

Back 2

Any substance that alters physiologic function, with potential for affecting health (positively or negatively).

Front 3

What is a medication?

Back 3

A drug administrated for its therapeutic effects.

Front 4

Are all drugs medications?

Back 4

No. All medications are drugs, but all drugs cannot be classified as medications.

Front 5

What does a medications chemical name describe?

Back 5

Describes the constituents that make up its molecular structure.

Front 6

What agency assigns a drugs official name?

Back 6

United States Adopted Name Council.

Front 7

A drugs official name is usually the __________ name or ____________ name.

Back 7

generic name or nonproprietary name.

Front 8

What do the stems of generic names help with?

Back 8

Identify which class of drugs they belong to.
Ex: -pril, such as captopril, lisinopril, enalapril, are a class of hypertensives called ACE inhibitors.

Front 9

What is a trade name?

Back 9

The brand name assigned by the manufacturer.

Front 10

What two texts contain the official list of medications?

Back 10

United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF)

Front 11

What is a fundamental rule of safe medication administration?

Back 11

Never administer an unfamiliar medication.

Front 12

What is the action of an Inotrope drug?

Back 12

Strengthen cardiac contraction

Front 13

What is the action of an Antianginal drug?

Back 13

Increase coronary blood flow.

Front 14

What is the action of an Antiemetics?

Back 14

Decrease nausea.

Front 15

What should the nurse be familiar with when giving a drug?

Back 15

Dosage ranges of the medication, expected therapeutic effects, possible adverse actions and interactions with other medications.

Front 16

What are some drug journals and newsletters a nurse can consult to stay up to date on medications?

Back 16

-Journals: The American Journal of Nursing, Nursing
-Newsletters: Nurses' Drug Alert, Medical Letter

Front 17

What are some other references nurses use to stay up to do date about medications?

Back 17

Drug handbooks, computer software reference guides, monographs on single generic and groups of medications, and drug package inserts provided by the manufacturer.

Front 18

What is the difference between an elixir and an emulsion?

Back 18

An elixir in a liquid medication with an alcohol base and an emulsion is a suspension with an oil base.

Front 19

What is a spansule?

Back 19

A medication that is a time-release drug capsule, which dissolves more slowly to provide an effect over a long period.

Front 20

What is the difference between a suspension and a syrup?

Back 20

Suspension is a medication in liquid that must be shaken before administration because it separates and a Syrup is medicine dissolved in sugar and water.

Front 21

What is a tincture?

Back 21

A potent solution with alcohol base made from plants; dosage usually small.

Front 22

What is the difference between a liniment and an ointment?

Back 22

A liniment is an oily liquid used on the skin and ointment is a drug combined with an oil base for external application.

Front 23

What is the unit-dose system of medication distribution?

Back 23

Medication comes prepackaged and prelabeled in individual client doses.

Front 24

What is an Automated Medication-Dispensing System?

Back 24

A machine that contains medications, such routine medications, prn medications, etc., and operates similarly to an ATM machine. A password or finger scan is used to access medications and medications are dispensed in unit-dose packaging.

Front 25

What is Self Administered Medication System?

Back 25

Client is supplied with his or her prescribed doses and quantities for a given period.

Front 26

What is Bar Code Medication Administration (BCMA)?

Back 26

A system that uses a light weight hand held scanner that scans a bar code bracelet worn by the client that has the clients MAR information. System will let nurse know if the medication being given to the client does not meet the 5 rights of medication administration.

Front 27

Which system is considered the gold standard medications distribution?

Back 27

The Unit-Dose System

Front 28

What is a prescription?

Back 28

A legal order for the preparation and administration of a medication.

Front 29

Why did the use of herbal and botanical medications fall out of favor?

Back 29

Because of the lack of quality standardization and scientific data regarding efficacy and adverse effects.

Front 30

What center did the government establish to study herbal products and botanicals?

Back 30

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM)

Front 31

Why is it important to assess if a client uses herbal or botanical medicines?

Back 31

They can cause toxic effects and drug-drug interactions.

Front 32

What are the components of a medication order?

Back 32

Client's name, medication's name, amount and frequency of the dose, route of administration, purpose of the medication, date and time the prescription was written, and signature of prescribing healthcare provider.

Front 33

What are the different types of medication orders?

Back 33

-Routine or Standing Orders: carried out for a specific number of day or until canceled by another order
-PRN Orders: not ordered for a specific time period but rather has guidelines so medication can administered as needed
-Standing Protocols: Medication administered in specific situations outlined by a specific unit or service.
-One-Time Order: given only once
-Stat Order: given immediately
-Telephone/Fax Orders: Order taken by telephone or fax and must be signed by physician at a later time.
-Verbal Orders: Given in an emergency situation.
-Electronic Orders

Front 34

What is the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?

Back 34

A division of the U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services that regulates the manufacture, sale, and effectiveness of medications.

Front 35

What is a controlled substance?

Back 35

Drugs that are considered to have either limited medical use or high potential for abuse or addiction.

Front 36

What does the Controlled Substances Act do?

Back 36

Categorizes controlled substances into five groups (I, II, III, IV, and V) based on their potential for abuse and medical helpfulness.

Front 37

Describe the five schedules of controlled substances.

Back 37

Schedule I- High abuse potential, no accepted medical use. No written Rx's. ex: Heroin, LSD, Weed, Peyote
Schedule II- High abuse potential, some accepted medical uses. Written Rx necessary and no refills. ex: morphine, cocaine, codeine.
Schedule III- Less abuse potential than schedules I and II. Accepted medical uses. Written or oral Rx required and must expire within 6 mos. No more than 5 refills within a 6 mos. period. ex: limited quantities of opioids, codeine combinations
Schedule IV- Low abuse potential compare with Schedule III drugs. Accepted medical uses. Written or oral Rx required and must expire within 6 mos. No more than 5 refills within a 6 mos. period. ex: Barbital, chloral hydrate, diazepam.
Schedule V- Low abuse potential compared with Schedule IV drugs. Accepted medical uses. May require Rx and Rx expires in 12 mos. No limit on refills. ex: cough relief medications, diarrhea relief medications, medications containing limited quantities of certain opioid controlled substances.

Front 38

In hospitals and other healthcare settings where are controlled substances kept?

Back 38

In a locked drawer or box.

Front 39

If a nurse is discarding a controlled substance who else needs to be present?

Back 39

Another nurse to witness the controlled substance being discarded and to countersign the controlled record.

Front 40

What are Nurse Practice Acts?

Back 40

Acts established to describe legitimate nursing functions. They vary among states.

Front 41

What are the 8 rights?

Back 41

Right drug
Right dose
Right time
Right route
Right Client
Right documentation
Right indication
Right to refuse

Front 42

What are Pharmcokinetics?

Back 42

Process by which a drug moves through the body and is eventually eliminated.

Front 43

What are Pharmacodynamics?

Back 43

The physiologic and biochemical effects of a drug on the body.

Front 44

What does pharmacokinetics involve?

Back 44

Absorption - how medication enters the bloodstream
Distribution - how medication is delivered to target cells and tissue
Metabolism - process of chemically changing the drug in the body
Excretion - removing the drug or its metabolites from the body

Front 45

What is therapeutic effects?

Back 45

A medications desired and intentional effects

Front 46

What can affect a medications therapeutic effects?

Back 46

Interactions with other medications

Front 47

An ______________ effect is any effect other than the therapeutic effect.

Back 47

Adverse

Front 48

What are the different types of adverse effects?

Back 48

Side effects, tolerance, allergic reactions, and toxicity.

Front 49

What is a severe allergic reaction that immediate medical intervention called?

Back 49

An anaphylactic reaction

Front 50

What is synergism?

Back 50

An medication interaction that increases a drugs effect.

Front 51

What is interaction that causes a decrease in a drugs effect?

Back 51

Antagonism

Front 52

What information is collected during a medication-specific initial assessment?

Back 52

Medication history, assessment of any allergies, medication intolerances, evaluate client's medical history, and the clients pregnancy and lactation status.

Front 53

What is medication reconciliation (aka medication verification)?

Back 53

An important safety procedure during client handoffs that include new and intermittent clinic visits, ER visits, hospital admission, transfers between hospital units, & discharge from one healthcare facility to another or to home, between healthcare providers or agencies.

Front 54

Drugs that cause birth defects are known as ___________.

Back 54

Teratogenic

Front 55

What should be assessed before medication administration?

Back 55

The medication record, diet and fluid orders, laboratory values, and physical assessment

Front 56

You should always assess the client's ____________ of a drug and their ________ _________ to help develop individualized teaching plans of a drug.

Back 56

knowledge; cognitive ability

Front 57

What actions are necessary for safe medication administration?

Back 57

-Accurate interpretation of the prescriber's orders.
-Accurate calculation of the drug amount to give for the prescribed dose
-Develop a systematic and safe procedure, using the 5 rights for drug administration, including accurate identification using to separate identifiers.
-Document medication administration according to the agency policy
-Explain the purpose of the medication to the client
-Prevent medication errors
-Promote standardized communication
-Promote healthcare planning and home or community based care planning
-Evaluate client's response to medications.