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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are general hospital guidelines when administering medication?
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- Same individual prepares and administers medication - adm. as soon as prepared
- Must be recorded in MAR - If in doubt, contact MD - 2 Forms of Pt Identification - Five Rights (pt, drug, dose, route, time, and documentation) |
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What are the additional rights of the patient?
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- education of client
- right to refuse - right assessment - right evaluation |
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What are automatic stop orders?
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- tx from one service to another
- when going to surgery - routine med orders are good for 30 days - certain meds are OOD (out of date) immediately |
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When should medications be checked when using the triple-check system?
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- When you remove the medication from where it's stored
- when you begin the prepare the med - After you have prepared the med |
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What are the routes of administration?
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- Oral
- Sublingual - Buccal - Enteral - Parenteral - Topical - Transdermal |
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What is enteral med administration?
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- Med adm. anywhere along the GI tract
- Given via tubes, nasogastric, gastromy (PEG), duodenostomy, jejunostomy, rectal |
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What is parenteral med administration?
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- administered by injection
- subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intravenous - Less common routes more commonly used by physicians: intrathecal (into spine), intra-arterial, epidural |
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Which has a faster rate of absorption, IM or SQ injections?
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IM
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What are the sterile parts of a syringe?
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- tip
- plunger - inside barrel - shaft - bevel of needle |
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What are the non-sterile parts of a syringe?
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- outside of barrel and flange
- outside of the hub of the needle |
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What are isotonic solutions?
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- 0.9% NaCl Normal Saline
- Lactated Ringers (balanced electrolyte solution) - 5% Dextrose in Water |
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What are nursing implications of Normal Saline and Lactated Ringers?
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- isotonic
- Initially remain in the vascular compartment, expanding vascular volume - Assess for signs of hypovolemia such as bounding pulse and SOB |
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What are nursing implications of Dextrose in Water (D5W)
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- Isotonic initially, but then provides free water when dextrose is metabolized, which expands ICF and ECF
- Avoided in clients at risk for increased intracranial pressure b/c it can increased cerebral edema (IICP) |
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What are the nursing implications of 0.45% and 0.33% NaCl (half normal and one-third normal saline)?
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- hypotonic
- used to provide free water and treat cellular dehydration - Promote waste elimination by the kidneys - Avoid in clients with IICP or third-space fluid shift |
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What are the nursing implications of 5% Dextrose in normal saline, 0.45% NaCl, or 5% Dextrose in Lactated Ringers?
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- hypertonic
- draw fluid into vascular compartment, expanding vascular volume - Do not adm. to clients with kidney or heart disease or dehydration - watch for signs of hypervolemia |
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What are normal blood glucose levels?
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80-100 mg/dL
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Why do people have diabetes?
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- their pancreas does not make enough insulin or
- their cells do not respod to insulin normally or - both of the above |
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How is insulin prescribed?
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- usually in concentrations of 100 units of insulin per mL of solution, called U-100
- Can also be prescribed in U-500 |
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What are the three major signs of hyperglycemia?
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- polydypsea (increased thirst)
- polyuria (increased urination) - polyfasia (increased hunger) |
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What is ketoacidosis?
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- diabetic coma resulting from failure to treat hyperglycemia
- Body does not have enough insulin to use glucose for fuel, so your body breaks down fats to use for energy, which produces ketones, which build up in blood - life-threatening |
