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80 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
The progressive narrowing and degeneration of the arteries of the neck, abdomen and extremities
Peripheral Arterial Disease - PAD
Thickening or hardening of the arterial wall is called
ARTERIOsclerosis
gradual thickening of intima and media of arteries leading to progressive narrowing of vessel lumen
atherosclerosis
What are some risk factors of Atherosclerosis?
SMOKING
HYPERLIPIDEMIA
HTN
DM
Atherosclerosis is caused by the formation of ________ - partial or total occlusion, deprives oxygen and nutrients to all lower extremities
Placque
the majority of Peripheral Arterial Diseases are caused by
Atherosclerosis
Patients with Peripheral Arterial Disease have a 4-5 times greater risk of dying of a cardiovascular event such as a stroke or MI

t/f
true
largest artery branches off to ALL major organs...affected by PVD
Aorta
distal end of the aorta and iliac arteries, ABOVE inguinal ligament
INFLOW
what is the most common cause of CAD Caratoid Artery Disease?
Atherosclerosis
BELOW superficial femoral artery

Femerol
Popliteal
Tibial arteries
OUTFLOW
Approx 88 percent of all strokes are ischemic in nature and result from what?
an artherothrombotic event
supplies oxygenated blood to all vital organs of the blood?
aorta
the internal lining of the aorta
intima
the middle lining of aorta
media
out coating of aorta
wall
out pouching dilation of the wall - most found in abdomen - this is higher in MALE SMOKERS - can be asymptomatic
Aortic Aneurysm
Aortic aneursym that is uniform in shape is called
fusiform
aortic aneurysm shaped like a pouch with a narrow neck is called
saccular
Aortic Aneurysms can be heard by hearing what?
a bruit or pulsating mass
LEFT of umbilical Midline -
DO NOT PALPATE..
a disruption of all layers of wall resulting in bleeding that iscontained by surrounding structures
pseudo aneurysm
where is most Aortic Aneurysm pain located?
in the BACK
pt is experiencing diaphoresis (sweating), paleness, weakness, tachycardic, low BP, abdominal, back , groin pain, change in consciousness, PULSATING AB MASS what is happening
rupturing
what is the best way to tell a rupture?
GRAYS TURNER (eccymosis on the sides) helps show rupture
if abdomen is > 6 cm, a rupture will occur in
one year
a rupture all in one area is called
posterior rupture
a rupture that is the most dangerous because of BLEEDING is
anterior rupture
diagnostic studies for AA
xray
cat scan
yearly ultrasound
first treatment for aortic aneurysm is
treat by decreasing aortic stress
with duiretics or drugs
surgical repair of AA involves
incise diseased segment
remove plaque
insert a graft
SUTURE the natureal wall around graft
what is an important thing to meausre post op surgery for AA
BLOOD PRESSURE
post op AA =
BP not too high or low
iv fluids
hydration
perfusion
assess paralytic illeus
NPO/NGT
assess graft occlusion
what is a major sign of a PARALYTIC ILLEUS which should be chcecked post op
ABSENT BOWEL SOUNDS
ascending repair is in what areas
caratoid
radial
temperal pulses
descending repair is in what areas
femoral
popliteal
tibial
dorsalis pedis pulses
an intimal tear, altered tissue perfusion to major branches organs
higher in males

causes RIPPING PAIN, TEARING
aortic dissection
most common TEAR =
thoracic
most common rupture =
abdomen
life threating, fluid presses on the heart, a severe complication of aortic dissection
Cardiac Tamponade
how do you FIRST treat a aortic aneurysm
with drugs and diurectics
SURGERY for AA only recommended with what
TEAR OR RUPTURE
occlusion of artery - affecting lower extremtites (aortoilliac, femoral, popliteal, tibial, pereonal arteries)
PAD / LE
Peripheral arterial disease of LE
what is the most common OCCLUDED area?
FEMORAL/POPLITEAL is the most common occluded area
what is the classic symptom of P.A.D. of LE - ISCHEMIC MUSCLE ACHE PRECIPTATED BY CONSISTENT LEVEL OF EXERCISE - RELIEVED WITH REST!!!!!
INTERMITTANT CLAUDICATION
claudication of calf, feet and ankle is known as
Femoral /Popliteal (OUTFLOW)

lower pain
claudication of buttocks, thighs
Aortoilliac (INFLOW)

higher pain
a patient with PAD has shiny, taut, thin skin, decreased hair growth, thickened toe nails
a patient with PAD has diminished or absent pulses(pedal,popliteal,femoral)
redness of foot when hung in a dependant position is known as
DEPENDANT RUBOR
Pallor or blanching with elevation is known as
ELEVATION PALLOR
Major symptom of P.A.D. - increased pain with excercise that is releived by REST
intermittant claudication
a complication of PAD is damage to the skin and muscles is known as
ischemia
not enough o2, Blackens , is a complication known as
tissue necrosis
a patient with DIABETES MELLITUS tends to develop arterial disease where
below the knee, opposed to normal PAD which is most commonly in the Femoral Popliteal area.
you must first assess blood flow, use doppler or ultrasound...what is the FIRST COMPLAINT usually?
Intermittent Cautication
WHAT IS THE NUMBER ONE WAY TO DECREASE TISSUE PERFUSION
QUIT SMOKING
what kind of drugs are used for treatment of PAD
antiplatelets(asa, plavix), zocar (antihyperlipdemia)
pletal, terental (anticlaudication)
what is used in femoral artery to increase perfusion, this is an interventional radiology
STENTS, BALLOONS
pain that does not go away with rest, requires what?
surgery
native vein/synthetic graft (Fem/pop bypass) a good vein threaded in to increase circulation is called
Peripheral Arterial Bypass
surgery that opens artery, removes plaque, sew a patch to open the lumen
Patch Graft ANOROPLASTY
open artery, remove obstructing plaque
Endarectomy
last resort surgery, gangrene and osteomyelitis (bone infection)
amputation
a sudden interruption of blood flow is known as
acute arterial ischemia
what is a clot of the heart, an inflammatory process damages the arterial wall. begins with ischemia of small, distal arteries and veins, to proximal arteries.
Thromboangitis Obliterans (BUERGERS)
episodic disorder of small cutaneous arteries, involving the fingers and toes causing color change and decreased perfusion
raynauds phenomenon
a right side clot in the lungs is usually a
Pulmonary Embolysm
what is the most common cause of acute arterial ischemia
a left side clot

embolization of thrombus from heart muscle (MI, A-FIB,prostetic valve, valve disease)
Left side of heart clot =
systemic circulation
6 SYMPTOMS OF OCCLUSSION

These are the best way to asses
CIRCULATION
PAIN
PALLOR
PULSELESSNESS
PARESTHESIA
PARALYSIS
POILOLTHERMIA(COOL)
In what type of patients would you do a comprehensive ciruclation assessment?
cardiac CAD
ortho (fracture/trauma)
Diabetes
PAD /PVD history
cardiac cath/stent/graphs
a rrare nonartherosclerotic, vaso occlusive disease of the small and medium arteries and veins, nerves of upper lower extremities

ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKING
HIGHER IN MEN
THromboangitis Obltierans (BUERGERS)
symptoms of BUERGERS/THROMBO =
intemrittent claudication of feet hands and arms LEADING TO REST PAIN = BADDDDDDD
buegers/thromboangitis is a progressive disease affecting what?
legs and foot
what helps to determine how acute P.D. is?
ABI

Ankle brachial Index
arm systolic divided by ankle systolic
The BEST TREATMENT FOR BUERGERS/THROMBOANGITIS DISEASE IS
QUIT SMOKING

advanced cases = amputation
a vasospatic disorder of small arteries involving fingers and toes

HIGHER IN WOMEN
Diagnosed TWO YEARS AFTER SYMPTOMS
REYNAUDS PHENOMEN
REYNAUDS symptoms
pallor leading to CYANOSIS
coldness, numbness
throbbing pain precipitated by
COLD , EMOTIONAL UPSET, CAFFEINE AND TOBBACO.
BUERGERS IS MOST COMMON IN
AND IS HEREDITARY
MEN
REYNAULDS IS MOST COMMON IN AND IS HEREDITARY
WOMEN
The best way to increase circulation and STOP progression of BERGERS/Thromboangitis is to
QUIT SMOKING