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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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leading cause of death due to cancer is
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lung cancer
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in 2005 what accounted for more deaths than breast , prostate, colon combined
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LUNG cancer
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what is responsible for 80-90 percent of lung cancer
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smoking tobacco
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35% are at an increased risk ___________
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passive smokers
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tobacco smoke contains how many cacinogens
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60
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tobacco smoke does what to body
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chances bronchial epithelium
directly damages DNA |
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name some inhaled carcinogens - these account for other percentages of lung cancer.
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asbestos
radon air pollution |
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if you QUIT SMOKING for 10 years, what is the decrease of lung cancer
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30-50 percent
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lung cancer is not well defined and throught to arise from
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change in bronchial epithelial cells
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lung cancer grows slowly = 8 to 10 years = what growth
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1 cm
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lung cancer occurs where
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segmental bronchi
prefer upper lobes |
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how many cells are there per CM
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1 BILLION
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what kinda changes in lung cancer
mucus and shedding of cells |
Inflammatory Changes
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an MRI can find what size tumor?
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1/2 cm
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name the 3 major types of cancer cells
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Adenocarcinoma
squalmous cell large cell |
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80% have what type of lung cancer, this includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and large cell
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NSCLC
NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER |
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20 percent have what type of cancer
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SCLC
SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER |
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what occurs peripherally
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adenocarcinoma
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what type of cancer is caused by SMOKING, CENTRALLY located
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Squamous (s=smoking)
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what type of cancer is FAST growing, peripherally
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Large cell
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the worst type of lung cancer
aggressive, systemic, 16 month survival rate normally due to SMOKING |
SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
20% |
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where does SCLC metastisize?
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liver, bone, brain, lymph nodes, adrenals
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Pt has symptoms of PERSISTANT COUGH
PERSISTANT PNEUMONA (fever , chills,cough) .. appearing LATE, silent, localized CHEST PAIN , palpable lymph nodes |
LUNG TUMOR
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what kind of dyspnea occurs as a symptom?
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dyspnea with auscultory wheeze and bronchial obstruction
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single most EFFECTIVE, non invasive test for lung cancer
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CAT SCAN
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What kind of cancer requires NO SURGERY
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small cell lung cancer
No staging, Limited vs Extensive |
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What is TMN Staging?
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TUMOR
METASISIS NODES |
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What stages require surgery?
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STAGE 1
STAGE 2 STAGE 3 STAGE 4/4B |
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Removal of a lobe
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lobectomy
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removal of entire lung
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pneumonectomy
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removal of small localized area, Segment (wedge resection)
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Segmentectomy
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major surgical incision into chest to gain access to the thoracic organs, most commonly the heart, the lungs, the esophagus or thoracic aorta, or for access to the anterior spine such as is necessary for access to tumors in the spine.
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thoracotomy
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Post op thoracotomy (open pneumothorax) care
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chest tubes
closed chest drainage system |
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Chest tube drains are placed in _________ to restore intrapleural pressure
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Chest tube drains are placed into the Pleural Space
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chest tube drains in the pleural space allow for re-expansion of the lungs and to drain _____ from pleural space
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blood, fluids
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pt unable to tolerate surgery - in order to support surgery, pain treatment or to DECREASE tumor size what is used?
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radiation
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when there is no cure, treatment of disease by chemicals[1] that kill cells, both good and bad, but specifically those of micro-organisms or cancer
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chemotherapy
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what kind of treatment block growth of molecules in specific aspects of tumor growth (tarceva, irressa)
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biologic/targeted therapy
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what is used for patients with progression despite other treatments
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Biologic/targeted therapy (Tarceva, Iressa)
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remove obstructing bronchiol lesions (lazer)
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bronchoscopic laser therapy
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what prevents brain metasisis (sclc)
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profilactic cranial
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what supports the airway
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an airway stent
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RN diagnosis for lung cancer
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Ineffective airway clearance, related to tumor as manifested by increased tracheobronchial secretions
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goals of patient with lung cancer
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effective airway breathing pattern
effective airway clearance adequate oxygenation of tissues minimal to no pain realistic treatment attitude |
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Best way to help patient stop disease
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STOP SMOKING
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fluid in space, relief of pain or shortness of breath when removed
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Pleural Effusion
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drug therapy for pain control and comfort management of lung cancer
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bronchodilators, corticosteroids, mucolytics, antibiotics, radiation therapy
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what helps remove bronchial obstruction
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laser therapy (bronchial)
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pleural effusion relief is called
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thoracentesis
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the nurse is involved in pre-op teaching with a patient who will get a lung resection, the pt has been told that 2 chest tubes will be placed during surgery. the RN explains that the purpose of the LOWER CHEST TUBE IS to
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remove fluid
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Exposure of ionizing radiation to a cell causes
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damage to DNA
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The term that describes the process of the formation of blood vessels within a tumor is known as
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Tumor angiogenes
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The patient will be receiving a chemotherapy drug that is known to cause diarrhea. The nurse suggests that the patient eat a diet of
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Low fiber and low residue foods
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What side effect of chemotherapy is most serious?
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Bone marrow supression
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The preferred method to administer IV chemotherapy is
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Intravenously via a central venous access device (CVAD) using an infusion pump
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