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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Staphyloccosus aureus
(Diseases) |
> Endocarditis
> abcesses > gastroenteritis via toxin(food poisoning) >Cellulitis >TSS > Hospital acquired Pneumonia > wound infections and sepsis *most common cause human infection* |
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Staphyloccosus aureus
(Characteristics) |
> Gram-Positive Cocci in Clusters
> Coagulase positive > Catalase positive > Produce B-Lactamase |
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Staphyloccosus aureus
(habitat & transmission) |
> Main habitat: Human nose and skin
> Transmission: via hands |
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Staphyloccosus aureus
(Laboratory Dx) |
> Gram stained smear and culture
> Yellow or gold colonies on blood agar |
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Staphyloccosus aureus
(Treatment) |
> Penicillin G for sensitive isolates
> Nafcillin (Penicillin resistant) > Vancomycin (Nafcillin resistant) |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus) Diseases |
Pyogenic diseases:
> Pharyngitis > Impetigo > cellulitis Immunologic diseases: > rheumatic fever > acute glomerulonephritis Toxic diseases: > Scarlet fever > Toxic Shock syndrome |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus) Characteristics |
>Gram-positive cocci inb chains
> Beta Hemolytic > Catalase Negative > Bacitracin-Sensitive |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus) (Habitat & transmission) |
> Throat and skin
> Transmission via respiratory droplets |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus) Dx |
Pyogenic diseases;
> gram stained smear and culture > B hemolytic on blood agar > if sensitive to bacitracin then it is S. pyogenes |
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Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A streptococcus) Tx |
> Penicillin G
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Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus) Diseases |
"B" for BABIES
>Neonatal meningitis and sepsis > Pneumonia in babies |
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Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus) Characteristics |
> Gramp positive cocci in chians
> catalase negative > bacitracin resistant |
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Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus) habitat & transmission |
> Main habitat is human vagina
> tranmission occurs during births |
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Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus) Dx |
> Gram stained smeear and culture
> B hemolytic colonies on blood agar > Resistant to bacitracin |
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Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B streptococcus) Tx |
Penicillin G
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Diseases |
MOPS
Adults > Pneumonia > Meningitis children > otitis media > Sinusitis |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Characteristics |
>Gram positive lancet shaped cocci in pairs or short chains
> Alpha Hemolytic > Catalase negative > Optochin Sensitive |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Habitat & Transmission |
> Habitiat is human upper respiratory tract
> Transmission via respiratory droplets |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Dx |
> Gram stain smear and culture
> Alpha, Beta, nonhemolytic on blood agar |
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
(Pneumococcus) Tx |
> penicillin
> Vancomycin + aminoglycoside for bactericidal effect |
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Viridians Group Streptococci
(eg. S. sanguis, S. mutans) Diseases |
> Endocarditis
> Brain abscess > Dental carries (S. mutans) |
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Viridians Group Streptococci
(eg. S. sanguis, S. mutans) Characteristics |
> Gram positive cocci in chains
> Alpha hemolytic > catalase negative |
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Viridians Group Streptococci
(eg. S. sanguis, S. mutans) Habitat & Transmission |
> Habitat is human oropharynx
> Transmission via bloodstream during dental procedures |
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Viridians Group Streptococci
(eg. S. sanguis, S. mutans) Dx |
> Gram stained smear and culture
> Alpha Hemolytivc on blood agar |
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Viridians Group Streptococci
(eg. S. sanguis, S. mutans) TX |
> Penicillin G with or without aminiglycoside
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Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) Diseases |
> Meningitis
> Meningicoccemia |
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Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) Characteristics |
> Gram negative "kidney bean" diploccoci
> Oxidase positive > Large capsule |
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Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) Habitat & Transmission |
> Habitat is human upper respiratory tract
> Transmission via respiratory droplets |
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Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) Dx |
> Gram stained smear and culture
> oxidase positive on chocolate agar > ferments maltose in contrast to gonococci |
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Neisseria meningitidis
(Meningococcus) Tx |
> Penicillin G
> Vaccine |
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Nesseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) Diseases |
> Gonorrhea
> Neonatal conjunctivitis > PID |
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Nesseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) Characteristics |
> Gram negative "kidney shaped" diplococci
> Oxidase positive > No capsule |
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Nesseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) Habitat & transmission |
> Habitat is human genital tract
> Transmission in adults is sexual contact > Transmission to neonates during birth |
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Nesseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) Dx |
> Gram stain smear and culture
> Visible within neutrophils in urethral exudate > Do not ferment maltose unlike meningococcus |
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Nesseria gonorrhoeae
(Gonococcus) Tx |
> Ceftriaxone IM one dose (effective against syphilis also)
> Must also Tx Chlamydia AZT one dose or doxycycline for 7 days |
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Bacillus anthracis
Diseases |
>Anthrax
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Bacillus anthracis
Characteristics |
> Aerobic gram positive spore forming rod
> Capsulated |
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Bacillus anthracis
Habitat & Transmission |
> Habitat is soil
> transmission via infected animals or inhalation of spores from animal hair wool |
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Bacillus anthracis
Dx |
> Gram stained smear
> Aerobic culture on blood agar > Rise in antibody titer |
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Bacillus anthracis
Tx |
> Penicillin G
> Vaccine in high risk populations |
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Clostridium botulinum
Diseases |
> Botulism
> In babies causes floppy baby syndrome from ingestion of honey |
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Clostridium botulinum
Characteristics |
> Anaerobic
> Gram positive > spore forming rods |
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Clostridium botulinum
Habitat & Transmission |
> Habitat is soil
> Transmission via contaminated food |
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Clostridium botulinum
Dx |
> Toxin in pt serum or stool or in food
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Clostridium botulinum
Tx |
> Respiratory support
> Anti toxin A, B, and E as soon as laboratory specimens obtained 9Do not wait for results) |
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Clostridium perfringens
(Diseases) |
> Gas Gangrene
>Food poisoning |
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Clostridium perfringens
(Characteristics) |
>Anaerobic
>Gram positive spore forming rod |
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Clostridium perfringens
(Habitat & Transmission) |
>Habitat is soil and human colon
> Gangrene transmitted soil and feces in wounds > Food poisioning through food |
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Clostridium perfringens
(Dx) |
> Gram stain smear and anaerobic culture
> Detection of lecithinase |
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Clostridium perfringens
(Tx) |
> Penicillin G
>Symptomatic tx in food poisoning |
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Clostridium difficile
(Disease) |
> Pseudomembranous colitis
> Diarrhea |
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Clostridium difficile
(Characteristics) |
> Anaerobic
> Gam positive spor forming rod |
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Clostridium difficile
(Habitat & Transmission) |
> Human colon
> Transmission fecal-oral route > Usually results from 2 degree antibiotic use (Clindamycin & ampicillin) |
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Clostridium difficile
(Dx) |
> Exotoxin in stool culture
> ELISA test in stool |
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Clostridium difficile
(Tx) |
> Stop offending Antibiotic
> Metronidazole (flagyl) (Mild cases) > Vancomycin (Severe cases) |
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Corynebacterium diphteriae
(Disease) |
> Diphtheria
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Corynebacterium diphteriae
(Characteristics) |
> Club shaped gram positve rods in V or L shape
> Aerobic non spore forming |
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Corynebacterium diphteriae
(Habitat & transmission) |
> Habitat human throat
> Transmission via respiratory droplets |
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Corynebacterium diphteriae
(Dx) |
>Game stain smear and culture
> Toxin production with precipitin test |
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Corynebacterium diphteriae
(Tx) |
> Antitoxin made in horses
> Penicillin G kills bacteria |
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Clostridium tenani
(Disease) |
Tetanus
*Blocks glycine release which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter causing paralysis and trismus (LOCKJAW) |
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Clostridium tenani
(Characteristics) |
>Anaerobic
>Gram positive spore forming rod Looks like a "tennis racket" |
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Clostridium tenani
(Habitiat & Transmission) |
> Habitat is soil
> Transmission through breaks in skin |
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Clostridium tenani
(Dx) |
> Clinical Dx
> Difficult to isolate organism |
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Clostridium tenani
(Tx) |
>Hyperimmune human globulin to neutralize toxin
> Penicillin G >Smasmolytic drugs (Valium) >Vaccine: DTaP |
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Listeria monocytogenes
(Disease) |
> Meningitis and sepsis in children and immunocompromised
> Spontaneous abortions > mild gastroenteritis |
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Listeria monocytogenes
(Characteristics) |
> Small gram positive rods
> Aerobic non spore forming *Only gram postiive bacteria with Endotoxin* |
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Listeria monocytogenes
(Habitat & Transmision) |
> GI and female genital tracts
> Transmission is across placenta or by contact during delivery > Outbreaks related to ingestion of unpasteurized milk products |
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Listeria monocytogenes
(Dx) |
> Gram stain smear and culture
> B-Hemolytic on blood agar |
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Listeria monocytogenes
(Tx) |
> Ampicillin with or without Gentamicin
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