Medical Transcription Basics

Front 1

arthr/

Back 1

joint

Front 2

hepat/

Back 2

liver

Front 3

-ous

Back 3

pertaining to

Front 4

-pathy

Back 4

disease

Front 5

when to use combining vowel?

Back 5

- to connect 2 word roots
- to connect word root and suffix

Front 6

when NOT to use combining vowel?

Back 6

- to connect word root and prefix

Front 7

-ic

Back 7

pertaining to (like -ous)

Front 8

-itis

Back 8

inflammation

Front 9

-megaly

Back 9

enlargement

Front 10

-algia

Back 10

pain

Front 11

aden/o

Back 11

gland

Front 12

kary/o

Back 12

nucleus

Front 13

my/o

Back 13

muscle

Front 14

sarc/o

Back 14

flesh, connective tissue

Front 15

epithelium (original meaning)

Back 15

"surface over the nipple" - epi = upon, thela = nipple (or projecting surface of many kinds)

Front 16

cancer/o, carcin/o

Back 16

cancer (unregulated, abnormal growth of new cells)

Front 17

eti/o

Back 17

cause (of disease)

Front 18

gno/o

Back 18

knowledge

Front 19

iatr/o

Back 19

physician, medicine (also means treatment)

Front 20

lei/o

Back 20

smooth

Front 21

onc/o

Back 21

tumor, mass

Front 22

path/o

Back 22

disease

Front 23

rhabd/o

Back 23

rod-shaped, striated

Front 24

somat/o

Back 24

body

Front 25

chlor/o

Back 25

green

Front 26

chrom/o

Back 26

color (in general)

Front 27

melan/o

Back 27

black

Front 28

xanth/o

Back 28

yellow

Front 29

dia-

Back 29

through, complete

Front 30

dys-

Back 30

painful, abnormal, difficult, labored

Front 31

hyper-

Back 31

above, excessive

Front 32

hypo-

Back 32

below, incomplete, deficient

Front 33

meta-

Back 33

after, beyond, change

Front 34

pro-

Back 34

before (i.e. prognosis)

Front 35

-al, -ic, -ous

Back 35

pertaining to

Front 36

-gen

Back 36

substance or agent that produces or causes

Front 37

-genesis

Back 37

origin, cause

Front 38

-genic

Back 38

producing, originating, causing

Front 39

-oid

Back 39

resembling

Front 40

-oma

Back 40

tumor, swelling

Front 41

-osis

Back 41

abnormal condition (means INCREASE when used with blood cell word roots)

Front 42

-plasia

Back 42

condition of formation, development, growth

Front 43

-plasm

Back 43

growth, substance, formation

Front 44

-sarcoma

Back 44

malignant tumor

Front 45

-sis

Back 45

state of

Front 46

-stasis

Back 46

control, stop, standing

Front 47

incidentaloma

Back 47

refers to a mass lesion involving an organ, discovered unexpectedly by the use of ultrasound, CT scan, or MRI, has NOTHING to do with patient's symptoms or primary diagnosis

Front 48

oncology

Back 48

study of tumors

Front 49

adenocarcinoma

Back 49

cancerous tumor of gladular tissue

Front 50

adenoma

Back 50

gladular tumor (benign)

Front 51

carcinoma (Ca)

Back 51

cancerous tumor (malignant)

Front 52

chloroma

Back 52

tumor of green color, aka myeloid sarcoma (malignant, arising from myeloid tissue, only about 70% are green), leukemia

Front 53

myeloid tissue

Back 53

localized in bone marrow or spinal cord, myelocyte not supposed to circulate in blood, except in cases of disease (leukemia)

Front 54

epithelioma

Back 54

tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)

Front 55

fibroma

Back 55

tumor composed of fiber (fibrous tissue, benign)

Front 56

ipsilateral

Back 56

same side

Front 57

contralateral

Back 57

occurring on, affecting, or acting in conjunction with a part on the opposite side of the body, "the motor cortex controls contralateral muscles"

Front 58

mesothelioma

Back 58

rare form of cancer, most common in the lungs and most often caused by inhalation exposure to asbestos, affects mesothelium of lungs (protective lining/covering)

Front 59

fibrosarcoma

Back 59

malignant tumor composed of fiber/fibrous tissue

Front 60

leiomyoma

Back 60

tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)

Front 61

leiomyosarcoma

Back 61

malignant tumor of smooth muscle

Front 62

lipoma

Back 62

tumor composed of fat (benign)

Front 63

liposarcoma

Back 63

malignant tumor of fat

Front 64

melanocarcinoma

Back 64

cancerous black tumor (malignant)

Front 65

melanoma

Back 65

black tumor (primarily of the skin)

Front 66

myoma

Back 66

tumor composed of muscle (benign)

Front 67

neoplasm

Back 67

new growth (of abnormal tissue or tumor)

Front 68

neuroma

Back 68

tumor composed of nerve (benign)

Front 69

rhabdomyoma

Back 69

tumor composed of striated muscle (benign)

Front 70

rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 70

malignant tumor of striated muscle

Front 71

sarcoma

Back 71

tumor of connective tissue (i.e. bone, cartilage), highly malignant

Front 72

cytogenic

Back 72

producing cells

Front 73

cytoid

Back 73

resembling a cell

Front 74

cytology

Back 74

study of cells

Front 75

cytoplasm

Back 75

cell substance

Front 76

dysplasia

Back 76

abnormal development

Front 77

erythrocytosis

Back 77

increase in number of RBC

Front 78

hyperplasia

Back 78

excessive development

Front 79

hypoplasia

Back 79

incomplete development

Front 80

karyocyte

Back 80

cell with a nucleus

Front 81

karyoplasm

Back 81

substance of a nucleus

Front 82

leukocytosis

Back 82

increase in number of WBC

Front 83

lipoid

Back 83

resembling fat

Front 84

myopathy

Back 84

disease of the muscle

Front 85

neuroid

Back 85

resembling a nerve

Front 86

somatic

Back 86

pertaining to the body

Front 87

somatogenic

Back 87

originating in the body (organic as opposed to psychologic)

Front 88

somatopathy

Back 88

disease of the body

Front 89

somatoplasm

Back 89

body substance

Front 90

cyanosis

Back 90

abnormal condition of blue (bluish discoloration of the skin caused by inadequate supply of O2 in blood)

Front 91

diagnosis (Dx)

Back 91

state of complete knowledge (identifying a disease)

Front 92

etiology

Back 92

study of causes (of diseases)

Front 93

iatrogenic

Back 93

produced by a physician (unexpected result from a treatment prescribed by a physician)

Front 94

iatrology

Back 94

study of medicine

Front 95

metastasis (mets)

Back 95

beyond control (transfer of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)

Front 96

neopathy

Back 96

new disease

Front 97

oncogenic

Back 97

causing tumors

Front 98

oncologist

Back 98

a physician who studies and treats tumors

Front 99

oncology

Back 99

study of tumors (branch of medicine concerned with study of malignant tumors)

Front 100

pathogenic

Back 100

producing disease

Front 101

pathologist

Back 101

physician who studies diseases (examines biopsies and performs autopsies to determine the cause of disease or death)

Front 102

pathology

Back 102

study of disease (causes of disease and death)

Front 103

prognosis (Px)

Back 103

state of before knowledge (prediction of the outcome of disease)

Front 104

xanthochromic

Back 104

pertaining to yellow color

Front 105

xanthosis

Back 105

abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)

Front 106

neoadjuvant therapy

Back 106

cancer treatment that precedes other treatment (i.e. administering chemo or radiation therapy before surgery)

Front 107

adjuvant chemotherapy

Back 107

use of chemo after or in combination with another form of cancer treatment (i.e. after surgery or with radiation therapy)

Front 108

brachytherapy

Back 108

use of radiation therapy in which the source of radiation is placed within or close to the area being treated (i.e. for cancer treatment)

Front 109

idiopathic

Back 109

idio = "one's own", path = "disease", disease of unknown origin, comes from within oneself and is not acquired from without

Front 110

carcinoma in situ

Back 110

cancer in early stage before invading surrounding tissue

Front 111

chemotherapy

Back 111

treatment of cancer with drugs

Front 112

encapsulated

Back 112

enclosed in a capsule, as with benign tumors

Front 113

inflammation

Back 113

response to injury or destruction of tissue characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain

Front 114

in vitro

Back 114

within a glass, observable within a test tube

Front 115

in vivo

Back 115

within the living body

Front 116

malignant

Back 116

tending to become progressively worse and to cause death, as in cancer

Front 117

radiation therapy (XRT)

Back 117

treatment of cancer with a radioactive substance, x-ray, or radiation (aka radiation oncology and radiotherapy)

Front 118

remission

Back 118

improvement or absence of signs of disease

Front 119

caudad

Back 119

toward the tail

Front 120

cephalad

Back 120

toward the head

Front 121

unilateral

Back 121

pertaining to one side

Front 122

bilateral

Back 122

pertaining to two sides

Front 123

mediolateral

Back 123

pertaining to the middle and to the side

Front 124

caudal

Back 124

pertaining to the tail

Front 125

cephalic

Back 125

pertaining to the head

Front 126

anteroposterior (AP)

Back 126

pertaining to the front and to the back

Front 127

posteroanterior (PA)

Back 127

pertaining to the back and to the front

Front 128

midsagittal

Back 128

divides body into left and right halves

Front 129

transverse (axial) plane

Back 129

divides body into upper and lower portions (not necessarily halves)

Front 130

sagittal plane

Back 130

divides body into left and right portions

Front 131

frontal or coronal plane

Back 131

vertical plane passing through the body from side to side, dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions

Front 132

umbilical region

Back 132

around the navel (umbilicus)

Front 133

umbo

Back 133

latin term, denoted the protuberant part of shield, around 1st century AD term used to designate either a raised or depressed spot in the middle of anything

Front 134

epigastric region

Back 134

directly above the umbilical region

Front 135

hypogastric region

Back 135

directly below the umbilical region

Front 136

hypochondriac regions (2)

Back 136

to the R and L of the epigastric regions

Front 137

lumbar regions (2)

Back 137

to the R and L of the umbilical region

Front 138

iliac regions (2)

Back 138

to the R and L of the hypogastric region

Front 139

hypochondriac

Back 139

derived from Greek (hypo = under, chondros = cartilage), used by Hippocrates to refer to region just below cartilage of ribs (in 1765 used to refer to pain in that region w/o known cause)

Front 140

R upper quadrant (RUQ)

Back 140

R lobe of liver, gallbladder, part of pancreas, part of Sm and Lg intestines, R kidney

Front 141

L upper quadrant (LUQ)

Back 141

L lobe of liver, stomach, spleen, part of pancreas, part of Sm and Lg intestines, L kidney

Front 142

R lower quadrant (RLQ)

Back 142

part of Sm and Lg intestines, appendix, R ureter, R ovary & uterine tube (Female), R spermatic duct (Male)

Front 143

L lower quadrant (LLQ)

Back 143

part of Sm and Lg intestine, L ureter, L ovary & uterine tube (Female), L spermatic duct (Male)

Front 144

Where is liver located?

Back 144

RUQ & LUQ

Front 145

Where is gallbladder located?

Back 145

RUQ

Front 146

Where is appendix located?

Back 146

RLQ

Front 147

Where are the stomach and spleen located?

Back 147

LUQ

Front 148

Where are the ureters located?

Back 148

R&LLQ

Front 149

Where are the kidneys located?

Back 149

R&LUQ