Sensory (Eyes & Ears) System

Front 1

Adnexa of eyes

Back 1

Structures outside of the eye: orbit, eye muscles, eyelids, eyelashes, conjunctiva, & lacrimal apparatus.

Front 2

Orbit

Back 2

Eye socket.

Front 3

Binocular vision

Back 3

When muscles of both eyes work in coordination to make normal depth perception possible.

Front 4

Canthus

Back 4

Angle where upper and lower eyelids meet. 2 inner & 2 outer canthus.

Front 5

Conjunctiva

Back 5

The transparent mucous membrane lined under each eyelid.

Front 6

Lacrimal apparatus

Back 6

Tear apparatus. Structures that produces, store, & remove tears.

Front 7

Lacrimation

Back 7

Secretion of tears

Front 8

Lacrimal glands

Back 8

Secrete tears. Located on the underside of the upper eyelid.

Front 9

Lacrimal canal

Back 9

The duct at the inner canthus of each eye. They collect tears and empty into lacrimal sacs.

Front 10

Lacrimal sac

Back 10

Tear sac

Front 11

Lacrimal duct

Back 11

Nasolacrimal duct. Passageway that drains tears into the nose.

Front 12

Optic

Back 12

Pertaining to the eye or sight

Front 13

Ocular

Back 13

Pertaining to the eye

Front 14

Extraocular

Back 14

Outside of the eyeball

Front 15

Intraocular

Back 15

Within the eyeball

Front 16

Sclera

Back 16

White of the eye. Maintains shape of the eye.

Front 17

Choroid

Back 17

Choroid coat. Middle layer of the eyeball containing blood vessels.

Front 18

Retina

Back 18

Inner layer of the eyeball. Receives nerve impulses and transmits to the brain via optic nerve (2nd cranial nerve)

Front 19

Anterior segment of the eye

Back 19

The front 1/3 of the eyeball. Contains posterior and anterior chambers.

Front 20

Anterior chamber

Back 20

Located behind the cornea and in front of the iris.

Front 21

Posterior chamber

Back 21

Located behind the iris and front of the ligaments holding the lens.

Front 22

Aqueous humor

Back 22

Fluid filling posterior and anterior chamber. Constantly filtered and drained through trabecular meshwork and the canal of Schlemm.

Front 23

Intraocular pressure

Back 23

Measurement of fluid pressure inside the eye. Regulated by rate which aqueous humor anter and leaves the eye.

Front 24

Posterior segment

Back 24

2/3 of the back of the eyeball lined with the retina and filled with vitreous humor.

Front 25

Vitreous humor

Back 25

Soft clear gel with millions of fibers attached to the surface of retina.

Front 26

Rods and cones of the retina

Back 26

Receive images passed through the lens of the eye. Converted to nerve impulses & transmitted to the brain via optic nerve. Rods = black & white. Cones = color

Front 27

Ciliary body

Back 27

Located within the choroid, set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens & refine focus of light rays.

Front 28

Iris

Back 28

Colorful circle surrounding the pupil.

Front 29

Cornea

Back 29

Transparent outer surface covering the iris and pupil.

Front 30

Accommodation

Back 30

Process where eyes adjust to seeing objects at distances.

Front 31

Convergence

Back 31

Inward movement of the eyes

Front 32

Ophthalmologist

Back 32

Specialist in diagnosing & treating diseases & disorders from vision correction to eye surgery.

Front 33

Optometrist

Back 33

Diagnosis eye disease & conditions measuring accuracy of vision.

Front 34

Ptosis

Back 34

Drooping of the upper eyelid. Blepharoptosis.

Front 35

Chalazion

Back 35

Cyst on upper eyelid. Caused by obstruction in sebaceous gland. A type of granuloma.

Front 36

Hordeolum

Back 36

Pus filled painful lesion on eyelid from infection in sebaceous gland.

Front 37

Blepharitis

Back 37

Swelling of eyelid

Front 38

Ectropion

Back 38

Turning outward of an eyelid.

Front 39

Entropion

Back 39

Turning inward of eyelid.

Front 40

Conjunctuvistis

Back 40

Pink eye. Inflammation of conjunctiva by allergy or infection.

Front 41

Xerophthalmia

Back 41

Dry eye from no tears produced

Front 42

Scleritis

Back 42

Inflammation of sclera

Front 43

Cataract

Back 43

Loss of transparency in the lens.

Front 44

Nystagmus

Back 44

Involuntary constant movement of eyes.

Front 45

Papilledema

Back 45

Choked disc. Optic nerve inflammation in the eyeball.

Front 46

Retinal detachment

Back 46

Retinal tears. Separation of retina from the choroid.

Front 47

Glaucoma

Back 47

Group of diseases that increase intraocular pressure that damages the retinal nerve fibers & optic nerve.

Front 48

Open angle glaucoma

Back 48

Chronic glaucoma. The trabecular meshwork becomes blocked & builds pressure.

Front 49

Closed angle glaucoma

Back 49

Acute glaucoma. The opening between cornea & iris narrows so fluid cannot reach trabecular meshwork.

Front 50

Diplomia

Back 50

Double vision

Front 51

Hemianopia

Back 51

Blindness in half of the visual field.

Front 52

Strabismus

Back 52

Eye pointing different directions

Front 53

Esotropia

Back 53

Cross eyes. Inward strabismus.

Front 54

Exotropia

Back 54

Walleye. Outward strabismus.

Front 55

Astigmatism

Back 55

Disfocus because of uneven cornea.

Front 56

Hyperopia

Back 56

Farsightedness.

Front 57

Myopia

Back 57

Nearsightedness.

Front 58

Snellen chart

Back 58

Used to measure visual acuity.

Front 59

Ophthalmoscopy

Back 59

Funduscopy. Using an ophthalmoscope to examine back part of the eye.

Front 60

Tonometry

Back 60

Measurement of intraocular pressure.

Front 61

Orbiotomy

Back 61

Surgical incision into the orbit.

Front 62

Tarsorrhaphy

Back 62

Suturing of eyelids to protect eye.

Front 63

Laser iridotomy

Back 63

Using a beam of light to create a hole in iris of the eye. Treats closed angle glaucoma by allowing aqueous humor to flow between anterior and posterior chambers of the eye.

Front 64

Retinopexy

Back 64

Reattaching the retina

Front 65

Auditory

Back 65

Pertaining to sense of hearing.

Front 66

Acoustic

Back 66

Pertaining to sound or hearing

Front 67

Pinna

Back 67

Auricle. Outer ear. Transmits sound waves in external auditory canal.

Front 68

Cerumen

Back 68

Earwax

Front 69

Tympanic membrane

Back 69

Ear drum

Front 70

Auditory ossicles

Back 70

3 small bones within middle ear

Front 71

Eustachian tubes

Back 71

Auditory tubes leading Middle ear to nasal cavity.

Front 72

Labyrinth

Back 72

Structures of the inner ear

Front 73

Cochlea

Back 73

Snail shape structure in inner ear. Sound vibrations turn to nerve impulses.

Front 74

Semicircular canals

Back 74

Contain liquid endolymph & hair cells. Connect to vestibule. The bending of the hair cells in response to head movement sets up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium.

Front 75

Otitis

Back 75

Inflammation of ear

Front 76

Otopyorrhea

Back 76

Pus flow from ear

Front 77

Otorrhagia

Back 77

Bleeding from ear

Front 78

Otitis media

Back 78

Inflammation of middle ear

Front 79

Otosclerosis

Back 79

Abnormal hardening of the auditory ossicles resulting in hearing loss.

Front 80

Conductive hearing loss

Back 80

When sound waves prevented from passing from air to fluid filled inner ear.

Front 81

Sensorineural hearing loss

Back 81

Nerve deafness. Auditory nerve or hair cells are damaged in inner ear.

Front 82

Audiometry

Back 82

Using audio meter to measure hearing acuity.

Front 83

Tympanometry

Back 83

Using air pressure in ear canal to test for disorders of middle ear.

Front 84

Myringotomy

Back 84

Surgical incision in ear drum to relieve pressure.

Front 85

Tympanoplasty

Back 85

Surgical repair of middle ear. Cure inflammation or restore function.

Front 86

Blephar/o

Back 86

Eyelid

Front 87

-cusis

Back 87

Hearing

Front 88

Irid/o

Back 88

Iris

Front 89

Kerat/o

Back 89

Hard. Cornea.

Front 90

Myring/o

Back 90

Tympanic membrane, eardrum

Front 91

Ophthalm/o

Back 91

Eye, vision

Front 92

-opia

Back 92

Vision condition

Front 93

Opt/o

Back 93

Eye, vision

Front 94

Ot/o

Back 94

Ear, hearing

Front 95

Phak/o

Back 95

Lens of eye

Front 96

Presby/o

Back 96

Old age

Front 97

Retin/o

Back 97

Retina

Front 98

Scler/o

Back 98

Sclera white of the eye, hard

Front 99

Trop/o

Back 99

Turn, change

Front 100

Tympan/o

Back 100

Tympanic membrane, eardrum