Medical Terms 6

Front 1

Abduction

Back 1

themovement of a limb or other part away from the midline of the body, or fromanother part.

Front 2

Adduction

Back 2

Movementof a limb toward the midline of the body. The opposite of adduction isabduction

Front 3

Agnosia

Back 3

inabilityto interpret sensations and hence to recognize things, typically as a result ofbrain damage.

Front 4

Alzheimer’s Disease

Back 4

progressivemental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalizeddegeneration of the brain. It is the most common cause of premature senility.

Front 5

Anencephaly

Back 5

isa neural tube defect in which the top part of the skull and brain fail to formproperly. anencephaly is a birth defect that affects the closing of the neuraltube during pregnancy.

Front 6

Aphasia

Back 6

loss of ability to understandor express speech, caused by brain damage.

Front 7

Apraxia

Back 7

inability to perform particular purposiveactions, as a result of brain damage.

Front 8

Autism

Back 8

a mental condition, present from earlychildhood, characterized by difficulty in communicating and formingrelationships with other people and in using language and abstract concepts

Front 9

Bradykinesia

Back 9

can be a symptom ofnervous system disorders, particularly Parkinson's disease, or a side effect ofmedications.

Front 10

Bell’s Palsy

Back 10

paralysis of the facial nerve, causing muscularweakness in one side of the face.

Front 11

Cerebellum

Back 11

the part of the brain at the back of the skullin vertebrates. Its function is to coordinate and regulate muscular activity.

Front 12

Cerebral Palsy

Back 12

a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination(spastic paralysis) and/or other disabilities, typically caused by damage tothe brain before or at birth.

Front 13

Cerebrum

Back 13

the principal and most anterior part of the brain in vertebrates, located in the front area of the skull and consisting of two hemispheres, left and right, separated by a fissure. It is responsible for the integration of complex sensory and neural functions and the initiation and coordination of voluntary activity in the body

Front 14

Concussion

Back 14

a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limbor of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associatedespecially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certaintoxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.

Front 15

Convulsion:

Back 15

a sudden, violent, irregular movement of a limbor of the body, caused by involuntary contraction of muscles and associatedespecially with brain disorders such as epilepsy, the presence of certaintoxins or other agents in the blood, or fever in children.

Front 16

Demyelination:

Back 16

a chronic or persistent disorder of the mentalprocesses caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders,personality changes, and impaired reasoning.

Front 17

Encephalitis

Back 17

inflammation of the brain,caused by infection or an allergic reaction.

Front 18

Epilepsy

Back 18

a neurological disorder marked by sudden recurrentepisodes of sensory disturbance, loss of consciousness, or convulsions,associated with abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

Front 19

Failure to Thrive (FTT):

Back 19

morerecently known as faltering weight or weight faltering, is a term used inpediatric, adult as well as veterinary medicine, (where it is also referred toas ill thrift) to indicate insufficient weight gain or inappropriate weightloss.

Front 20

Huntington’s Chorea

Back 20

a hereditary disease marked by degeneration of thebrain cells and causing chorea and progressive dementia.

Front 21

Hydrocephalus

Back 21

a condition in which fluid accumulates in thebrain, typically in young children, enlarging the head and sometimes causingbrain damage.

Front 22

Meningitis

Back 22

inflammation of the meninges caused by viral orbacterial infection and marked by intense headache and fever, sensitivity tolight, and muscular rigidity, leading (in severe cases) to convulsions,delirium, and death.

Front 23

Magnetic Resonance Imaging:

Back 23

form of medical imaging that measures theresponse of the atomic nuclei of body tissues to high-frequency radio waveswhen placed in a strong magnetic field, and that produces images of theinternal organs

Front 24

Neurotransmitter

Back 24

a chemical substance that is released at the end of anerve fiber by the arrival of a nerve impulse and, by diffusing across thesynapse or junction, causes the transfer of the impulse to another nerve fiber,a muscle fiber, or some other structure.

Front 25

Parkinson’s Disease

Back 25

a progressive disease of the nervous system marked bytremor, muscular rigidity, and slow, imprecise movement, chiefly affectingmiddle-aged and elderly people. It is associated with degeneration of the basalganglia of the brain and a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine.

Front 26

Paresis

Back 26

a condition of muscular weakness caused by nervedamage or disease; partial paralysis.

Front 27

Reflex Action:

Back 27

A reflex action, differently known as a reflex, is aninvoluntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus.

Front 28

Rhinorrhea

Back 28

or rhinorrhoea is a condition where the nasal cavityis filled with a significant amount of mucus fluid. The condition, commonlyknown as a "runny nose", occurs relatively frequently. Rhinorrhea isa common symptom of allergies or certain diseases, such as the common cold orhay fever.

Front 29

Romberg Test

Back 29

The Romberg test is a test of the body's senseof positioning (proprioception), which requires healthy functioning of thedorsal columns of the spinal cord. The Romberg test is used to investigate thecause of loss of motor coordination (ataxia).

Front 30

Schwann Cell/ Neurilemma:

Back 30

Neurolemma (also known as neurilemma or sheathof Schwann (Schwann's Sheath)) is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer ofSchwann cells that surrounds the axon of the neuron. It forms the outermost layerof the nerve fiber in the peripheral nervous system.

Front 31

Spina Bifida Cystica

Back 31

A bony defect in the vertebral column thatcauses a cleft in that column. The meningeal membranes that cover the spinalcord and part of the spinal cord protrude through this cleft, and are clearlyvisible.

Front 32

Spina Bifida Occulta

Back 32

Spina bifida with noprotrusion of the meninges or spinal cord

Front 33

Synapse:

Back 33

ajunction between two nerve cells, consisting of a minute gap across whichimpulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter.

Front 34

Syndactyly

Back 34

the condition of having some or all of thefingers or toes wholly or partly united, either naturally (as in web-footedanimals) or as a malformation.

Front 35

Tay-Sachs Disease

Back 35

an inherited metabolic disorder in which certainlipids accumulate in the brain, causing spasticity and death in childhood.

Front 36

Tetany

Back 36

a condition marked by intermittent muscular spasms,caused by malfunction of the parathyroid glands and a consequent deficiency ofcalcium.