Medical Terminology Test 1 Bazooka

Front 1

cephal/o

Back 1

Head

Front 2

-oma

Back 2

Tumor;mass;fluid collection

Front 3

albin/o

Back 3

White

Front 4

-osis

Back 4

Condition (usually abnormal)

Front 5

trans-

Back 5

Across;through

Front 6

carp/o

Back 6

Wrist bones

Front 7

-dynia

Back 7

Pain

Front 8

ferrum-

Back 8

Iron

Front 9

ad-

Back 9

Toward

Front 10

contra-

Back 10

Against;opposite

Front 11

post-

Back 11

After;behind

Front 12

heter/o

Back 12

Different

Front 13

-plegia

Back 13

Paralysis;palsy

Front 14

necr/o

Back 14

Death

Front 15

-brady

Back 15

Slow

Front 16

kines-

Back 16

Movement

Front 17

brachi/o

Back 17

Arm

Front 18

-itis

Back 18

Inflammation

Front 19

crypt/o

Back 19

Hidden

Front 20

-cide

Back 20

Killing

Front 21

bucc/o

Back 21

Cheek

Front 22

-edema

Back 22

Swelling

Front 23

cyan/o

Back 23

Blue

Front 24

rhin/o

Back 24

Nose

Front 25

-tripsy

Back 25

Crushing

Front 26

lith/o

Back 26

Stone

Front 27

-ac, -al, -ic, -ary, -ical, an

Back 27

Pertaining to

Front 28

hepat/o

Back 28

Liver

Front 29

erythr/o

Back 29

Red

Front 30

cardi/o

Back 30

Heart

Front 31

ventr/o

Back 31

Belly side of body

Front 32

neur/o

Back 32

Nerve

Front 33

-poiesis

Back 33

Formation

Front 34

jaund/o

Back 34

Yellow

Front 35

-emesis

Back 35

Vomiting

Front 36

cyte/o

Back 36

Cell

Front 37

leuk/o

Back 37

White

Front 38

gastr/o

Back 38

Stomach

Front 39

-rrhage

Back 39

Bursting forth (of blood)

Front 40

caus-

Back 40

Burn

Front 41

multi-

Back 41

Many

Front 42

morph-

Back 42

Shape;form

Front 43

lingu/o

Back 43

Tounge

Front 44

melan/o

Back 44

Black

Front 45

oste/o

Back 45

Bone

Front 46

gingiv/o

Back 46

Gum

Front 47

tachy-

Back 47

Fast

Front 48

auto-

Back 48

Self;own

Front 49

endo-

Back 49

In;within

Front 50

neo-

Back 50

New

Front 51

pseud/o

Back 51

False

Front 52

-pathy

Back 52

Disease

Front 53

-centesis

Back 53

Surgical puncture to remove fluid

Front 54

enter/o

Back 54

Intestines (usually small intestines)

Front 55

-algia

Back 55

Pain

Front 56

-ectomy

Back 56

Removal;excision;resection

Front 57

myel/o

Back 57

Spinal cord/bone marrow

Front 58

cervic/o

Back 58

Neck

Front 59

ab-

Back 59

Away from

Front 60

hemi-

Back 60

Half

Front 61

kerat/o

Back 61

Cornea;hard;horny tissue

Front 62

thyr/o

Back 62

Thyroid gland

Front 63

infra-

Back 63

Below;beneath

Front 64

esthes-

Back 64

Feeling (nervous sensation)

Front 65

poli/o

Back 65

Grey matter

Front 66

myx/o

Back 66

Mucus

Front 67

Diffusion

Back 67

Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Front 68

Facilitated diffusion

Back 68

Diffusion assisted by specialized proteins who are basically the body guards who decide what enters and what doesn't.

Front 69

Osmosis

Back 69

Net movement of water over a semi permeable membrane. Water will always go where there is more solute. If there is an equal amount of solute in and outside the cell, the cell remains isotonic. If there is more solute in a cell than outside, water will go into the cell to try and dilute it causing the cell to basically explode. This is called hypotonic. When there is more solute outside the cell than inside the cell, the water from the cell moves out to dilute the solvent, causing the cell to implode. This is called hypertonic.

Front 70

Filtration

Back 70

Movement of solvents and disolved substances across membranes by gravity/pressure. Similar to the way a strainer works.

Front 71

Dialysis

Back 71

The separation of large molecules from small by diffusion across a semi permeable membrane.

Front 72

Active transport

Back 72

Across plasma membrane usually involving proteins from low concentration to high concentration.

Front 73

arthr/o

Back 73

Joint

Front 74

Phagocytosis

Back 74

Cell eating. The act of eating.

Front 75

Pinocytosis

Back 75

Cell drinking. The act of drinking.

Front 76

-sepsis

Back 76

Infection

Front 77

Characteristics of living matter

Back 77

Eat, excrete, have sex (procreate)

Front 78

Metabolism

Back 78

meta- : to change

Front 79

Anabolism

Back 79

ana-: building up

Front 80

Catabolism

Back 80

cata-: to throw/breakdown

Front 81

Anatomy

Back 81

The study of body structure and it's parts

Front 82

Physiology

Back 82

Study of of the normal functions of an organism.

Front 83

Pathology

Back 83

The study of disease and it's causes

Front 84

Emryology

Back 84

The study of origin and development

Front 85

Histology

Back 85

The study of tissue and it's components

Front 86

Biology

Back 86

The study of all life forms

Front 87

Cell/Plasma membrane

Back 87

Semi-permeable membrane that separates the organelles from the external environment. Made up of a phospho-lipid bi-layer and contains proteins.

Front 88

Cytoplasm.

Back 88

Surrounds the organelles located between the plasma membrane and the nucleus. Provides shape for the cell and is where chemical reactions occur.

Front 89

Nucleus

Back 89

Control center of the cell. Contains heredity, controls cell structure and controls many cellular activities.

Front 90

Nucleoli

Back 90

Made up of protein, DNA, RNA. Only active during cell division.

Front 91

Ribosome's

Back 91

Contains RNA and makes protein. Can be free or attatched to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Front 92

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 92

Makes fat, carbohydrates and protein. Mechanical support and distribution of cytoplasm and provides surface area for chemical reactions.

Front 93

Golgi Apparatus

Back 93

Looks like a pile of stacked dishes. Processes, sorts, packages and delivers protein to different parts of the cell.

Front 94

Mitochondria

Back 94

Power house of the cell. Provides surface area for cellular respiration, are self replicating. They respond to increased energy requirements.

Front 95

Lysosomes

Back 95

Have digestive enzymes which perform phagocytic actions of eating anything that might be harmful to the cell. They are formed by Golgi apparatus. Responsible for cell digestion and destruction.

Front 96

Flagella

Back 96

Whip like organelle that is used to move the cell. Bacterial flagella rotates like screws and eukaryotic flagella whips back and forth.

Front 97

Cilia

Back 97

Motile cilum beats in one direction to project the cell. Non-motile cilium can not beat and usually serves as a sensor.

Front 98

Vacuole

Back 98

Is the garbage collector. They capture food or unwanted debris or any substance that might be toxic or unwanted from the cell.

Front 99

Chromosome

Back 99

Continuous piece of DNA that contains many genes. Is found in the nucleus and has two arms.

Front 100

Chromatin

Back 100

Contains DNA and will coil into chromosomes during cell division.

Front 101

DNA

Back 101

Deoxyribonucleic Acid. Determines heredity.

Front 102

RNA

Back 102

Ribonucleic acid. Contains proteins...

Front 103

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 103

The smooth part of ER creates fats, carbs and protein.

Front 104

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 104

Rough ER creates protein.

Front 105

Mitosis

Back 105

Direct copy of each other.

PMAT

Interphase: in between phases when nothing is occuring

Prophase: chromosomes prepare, nucleus dissappears. Chromosomes duplicate right before Metaphase.

Metaphase: chromosomes line up in the middle and spindle fibers attach.

Anaphase: chromosomes are pulled apart to their poles

Telophase: a nuclear membrane is created and pinches apart in the center to create two cells.

Front 106

Meiosis

Back 106

A cycle.

Prophase1: chromosomes duplicate and stay close and coil

Metaphase1: coiled chromosomes go to center

Anaphase1: pull apart from the middle with each chromosome now being different with having exchanged different information

Telophase1: two daughter cells are now formed, each with one chromosome of the homologous pair

Metaphase2: chromosomes align at the center

Anaphase2: they divide each going to a separate pole

Telophase2: cells divide by pinching apart. 4 daughter cells are now created

Front 107

Prefix

Back 107

Usually appears at the beginning of a word. Will change the meaning of the word.

Front 108

Root

Back 108

The basic meaning of the word. Words may contain more than one roof and roots can stand alone.

Front 109

Combining vowel

Back 109

A vowel that is used to link a root to a suffix or another root that begins with a consonant. Is used to help with pronunciation.

Front 110

Combining form

Back 110

Root with a combining vowel. Usually displayed with a slash between them.

Front 111

Compound words

Back 111

Words that contain more than one root.

Front 112

Suffix

Back 112

Follows the root word and changes the meaning of the root.

Front 113

Splenomegaly

Back 113

Enlargement of the spleen.

Front 114

Optic

Back 114

Pertaining to the eye;vision

Front 115

Melena

Back 115

Black tarry feces that contain digested blood

Front 116

Hepatitis

Back 116

Inflammation of the liver

Front 117

Adipose

Back 117

Pertaining to fat cells or tissues

Front 118

Hyaline

Back 118

Glassy and translucent;cartilage in between ball joints and hinge joints etc

Front 119

Cardiomyopathy

Back 119

Disease of the heart muscle

Front 120

Cardiovascular

Back 120

Blood vessels of the heart and it's system.

Front 121

Gastroenteritis

Back 121

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

Front 122

Epithelial Tissue

Back 122

Covering for external & internal body structures. Protects and absorbs important substances back into the body and secretion glands secrete hormones. Necessary body function.

Endothelial tissue lines things. Endo=inside

Mesothelial tissue covers serious membranous structures. Pleura (products the lungs) Pericardium (sac of fluid surrounding the heart) Peritonitis?

TYPES

Simple: one layer

Stratified: many layered

Pseudo stratified: Pseudo/o=false

Have one layer but appears to have more

Squamous: flat, scale-like appearance

Columnar: resemble columns

Transitional: found only in the urinary tract, change appearance according to its environment. Have the ability to stretch.

Covering of all body surfaces

Line body cavities and hollow organs

Is the major tissue in glands

Function: protection, secretion, absorption, excretion, filtration, diffusion, sensory reception

Simple=1 layer

Simple cuboidal epithelium found in glandular tissue and in kidney tubules

Simple columnar epithelium lines stomach and intestines

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium lines parts of the respitory tract and some tubes in make reproductive tract

Transitional epithelium found mostly in the bladder

Glandular epithelium produces and secretes substances

Front 123

Connective tissue

Back 123

Functions:

-binds structures together

-supports body and organs

-stores fat

-transports substances

-helps repair tissue damage

Types:

Loose/areolar: connects skin, organs and coverings

Adipose: fat that ortects and supports organs and stores minerals and vitamins

Dense fibrous: in ligaments and tendons

Elastic: in arteries and some glands, sphincters, etc

Cartilage: such as hyaline. Found at end of long bone during joint movement

Osseous: bone

Blood

Front 124

Muscle tissue

Back 124

Made of cells that shorten or contract in order to have movement. Produce heat.

-are long and slender

-arranged in bundles or layers that are surrounded by connective tissue

Types:

Skeletal: striped and attached to skeleton. If you can move it, it is skeletal muscle. Voluntary control. Cylindrical

Smooth: has a single centrally located nucleus. Lacks situations. Involuntary control. Eg) iris

Cardiac: the heart. Branching fibers. One nucleus per cell. Striations. Involuntary control.

Front 125

Nervous tissue

Back 125

found in brain, spinal cord, nerves. Controls body activities such as: muscle contraction, awareness of the environment (feeling), emtions and memory. The cells (neurons) communicate by using electrical nerve impulses.

Neuron has 3 parts:

Dendrites- conducts impulse toward the body of a nerve cell

Cell body- directs the impulses and has does general functions

Axon- conducts impulses away from the cell body

Nervous tissue also has cells that don't transmit impulses. They support activities of the neurons.

Glial cells: bind and insulate neurons

Front 126

Cranial vault

Back 126

Contains brain, sinuses etc. Protected by the skull.

Front 127

Thoracic cavity

Back 127

Contains lungs, heart, blood vessels, trachea etc.

Front 128

Cranial

Back 128

Toward the head

Front 129

Caudal

Back 129

Toward the tail

Front 130

Rostral

Back 130

Within the head toward the muzzle

Front 131

Medial

Back 131

Toward the midline

Front 132

Lateral

Back 132

Outward toward the side

Front 133

Dorsal

Back 133

Toward the back

Front 134

Ventral

Back 134

Toward the belly

Front 135

Proximal

Back 135

Near to the point of attachment

Front 136

Distal

Back 136

Further from the point of attachment

Front 137

Palmer

Back 137

Caudal surface of the forelimb below the carpus. The surface of the front paw.

Front 138

Planter

Back 138

Caudal surface of the hind limb below the tarsus. Surface of back paw.

Front 139

Internal

Back 139

Inside

Front 140

External

Back 140

Outside

Front 141

Dorsal plane

Back 141

Separates the back and the belly. Like a sandwich.

Front 142

Median plane

Back 142

Separates the body into right and left equal sides

Front 143

Sagittal plane

Back 143

Separates the body into right and left unequal sides

Front 144

Transverse plane

Back 144

Separates the the head half of the body from the rear half of the body.

Front 145

Recumbent

Back 145

Lying down

Front 146

Ventrally/sternally recumbent

Back 146

Lying down on the belly or breastbone. Also called prone.

Front 147

Dorsally recumbent

Back 147

Lying down on the back. Also called supine.

Front 148

Latterally recumbent

Back 148

Lying in the side. Right/left