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141 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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angi/o
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vessel
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aort/o
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aorta
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arteri/o
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artery
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arteriol/o
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arteriole
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cardi/o
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heart
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coron/o
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heart
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phleb/o
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vein
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ven/o
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vein
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venul/o
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venule
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aneurysm
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local widening of an artery caused by weakness in the arterial wall or breakdown of the wall from atherosclerosis
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Angina
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Chest pain caused by decreased blood flow to heart muscle
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Arrhythmia
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abnormal heartbeat - fibrillation and flutter are examples
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Atherosclerosis
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Hardening of arteries with a collection of cholesterol-like plaque
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Congestive Heart Failure
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Inability of the heart to pump its required amount of blood - blood accumulates in the lungs and causes pulmonary edema.
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Infarction
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an area of dead (necrotic) tissue
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Shock
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A group of signs and symptoms indicating poor oxygen supply to tissues and insufficient return of blood to the heart (pale skin, weak rapid pulse, shallow breathing)
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Angiography
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Recording blood vessels after injection of contrast into the bloodstream
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Cardiac Catheterization
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Introducing a catheter into a vein or artery to measure pressure and flow patterns of blood
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Cardiac enzyme tests
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measurements of enzymes released into the bloodstream after a heart attack
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Doppler ultrasound
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measuring blood flow in vessels via sound waves
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Echocardiography
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producing images of the heart via sound waves or echoes
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Holter monitoring
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Detection of abnormal heart rhythms that involves having a patient wear a compact version of an electrocardiograph for 24 hours
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lipid tests
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measurement of cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the blood
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lipoprotein tests
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measurements of HDL and LDLs in the blood
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MUGA scan
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Imaging the motion of heart wall muscles and assessing the function of the heart via a multiple-gated acquisition scan which uses radiation
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PET Scan
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positiron emission tomography - radioactive chemicals are injected into the blood stream and travel to the heart - Shows flow of blood and functional activity of heart muscle
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Stress test
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an electrocardiogram plus blood pressure and heart rate measurements shows the heart's response to physical exertion
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Technetium Tc 99m sestamibi scan
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A radioactive chemical (sestamibi tagged with Tc99m) is injected intravenously and shows perfusion of blood in heart muscle - taken up in areas of myocardial infarction
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Thallium-201 scan
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Radioactive test that shows where injected thallium-201 localizes in heart muscle
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Cardioversion
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Brief discharges of electricity across the chest to stop arrhythmia - also called defibrillation
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Coronary artery bypass grafting
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CABG - vessels taken from the patient's legs or chest are connected to coronary arteries to make detours around blockages
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Endarterectomy
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Surgical removal of the innermost lining of an artery to remove fatty deposits and clots
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Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)
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A balloon tipped catheter is threaded into a coronary artery to compress fatty deposits and open the artery. Stents (expandable slotted tubes) create wider openings that make the recurrence of blockages less likely - also called balloon angioplasty
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Thrombolytic therapy
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Drugs such as tPA (tissue plasminogen activator) and streptokinase are injected into a patient's bloodstream to dissolve clots that might cause a heart attack
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ACS
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Acute Coronary Syndromes (disease changes in coronary arteries leading to plaque/clot formation + heart attack or other heart problems)
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AMI
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Acute Myocardial Infarction
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CAD
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Coronary Artery Disease
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CABG
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Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting
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CCU
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Coronary Care Unit
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CHF
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Congestive Heart Failure
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ECG
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Electrocardiography
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ECHO
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Echocardiography
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HTN
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Hypertension
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PCI
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Percutaneous coronary intervention (like balloon angioplasty)
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an/o
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anus
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append/o
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appendix
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appendic/o
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appendix
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chelecyst/o
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gall bladder
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col/o
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colon
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colon/o
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colon
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duoden/o
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duodenum
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esophag/o
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esophagus
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gastr/o
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stomach
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hepat/o
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liver
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ile/o
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ileum
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jejun/o
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jejunum
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or/o
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mouth
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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pharyng/o
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pharynx
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proct/o
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anus + rectum
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rect/o
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rectum
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sigmoid/o
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sigmoid colon
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stomat/o
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mouth
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Cholelithiasis
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Abnormal condition of gallstones
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Cirrhosis
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Chronic disease of the liver - involves degeneration of liver cells
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Colonic polyposis
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Polyps protrude from mucous membrane lining the colon
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Diverticulosis
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Abnormal condition of small pouches or sacs (diverticula) in the wall of the intestine (often colon)
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
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GERD - condition in which contents of stomach flow back into the esophagus
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Hepatitis
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Inflammation of the liver
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease
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(IBD) Inflammation of the last portion of the ileum (Chron disease) or inflammation of the colon (ulcerative colitis)
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Irritable bowel syndrome
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IBS - cramping, bloating, constipation, diarrhea - this presents with alarming symptoms, but does not really harm the intestine
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Hepatocellular carcinoma
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Cancer of the liver
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Jaundice
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Yellow-orange discoloration of the skin and other tissues from high levels of bilirubin in the bloodstream (hyperbilirubinemia)
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CT Scan
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Cross sectional x-ray scans
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Ultrasonography
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using sound waves to bounce off things in the body to produce images
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Barium tests
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x-ray examinations using a liquid barium mixture to locate disorders of the GI tract - barium enema is through anus, upper GI series is through mouth
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Cholangiography
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x-ray examination of bile ducts after injection of contrast through the liver or through a catheter from the mouth, esophagus, stomach, and into bile ducts
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Hemoccult test
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feces is placed on a paper containing guaiac which reacts with blood - screening test for colon cancer
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Liver function test
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measurements of liver enzymes and other substances in the blood - enzyme levels increase when liver is damaged
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Anastomosis
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Surgical creation of an opening between two gastrointestinal organs
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Colostomy
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Surgical creation of an opening from the colon to the outside of the body
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Ileostomy
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Hole from ileum to outside of body
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ALT/AST
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Alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase - liver enzymes measured in LFT (liver function test)
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BE
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barium enema
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GB
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Gall Bladder
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adren/o
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adrenal gland
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hypophys/o
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pituitary gland
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oophor/o
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ovary
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ovari/o
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ovary
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orch/o
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testis
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orchid/o
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testis
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pancreat/o
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pancreas
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parathyroid/o
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parathyroid gland
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pituitar/o
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pituitary gland
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thym/o
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thymus gland
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thyroaden/o
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thyroid gland
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thyroid/o
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thyroid gland
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Acromegaly
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Enlargement of extremities caused by hypersecretion of HgH from the anterior portion of the pituitary gland after puberty
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Cushing syndrome
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A group of clinical features produced by excess secretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex. These signs and symptoms include obesity, moon-like face, hyperglycemia, and osteoporosis
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Goiter
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Enlargement of the thyroid gland
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Hyperthyroidism
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Also known as Graves disease - eyeballs bulge outwards
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Exopthalmometry
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Seeing if your eyes are bulging - test for hyperthyroidism (graves disease)
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Fasting blood sugar test
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give 75g of glucose, see levels after 30 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 3 hours - see what happens to blood glucose levels - if stays high, you may have diabetes
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Radioactive Iodine uptake
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Good way to see if thyroid is working
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Thyroid function tests
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Measurement of T4 (thyroxine) and T3 (triiodothyronine) and TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood
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GTT
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Glucose Tolerance test
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Cervic/o
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cervix
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Colp/o
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vagina
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Vagin/o
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vagina
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Hyster/o
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uterus
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Mamm/o
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breast
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mast/o
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breast
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Metri/o
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uterus (endometrium)
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Uter/o
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uterus
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o/o
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egg
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oophor/o
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ovary
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ovari/o
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ovary
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Salping/o
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fallopian tube
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Amenorrhea
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Absence of menstrual flow
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Dysmenorrhea
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Painful menstrual flow
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Ectopic pregnancy
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pregnancy that implants NOT in the uterus
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endometriosis
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Tissue from inner lining of uterus occurs elsewhere - like fallopian tubes, ovaries, or peritoneum
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Fibroids
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benign tumors of the uterus, also called leiomyoma
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Menorrhagia
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excessive discharge
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Amniocentesis
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Surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to withdraw fluid for analysis
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Aspiration
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Withdrawal of fluid from a cavity or sac
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Colposcopy
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Visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope
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Conization
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removal of a cone-shaped section of cervix for biopsy
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Hysterosalpingography
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X-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes after injection of a contrast agent into the uterus
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Mammography
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X-ray of the breast
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Pap smear
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Take sample of secretions of cervix and vagina - analysis indicates presence of cervical or vaginal disease
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Pregnancy test
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measures human chorionic gonadotropin - hormone in blood and urine that indicates pregnancy
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hysterectomy
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excision of uterus
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myomectomy
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removal of fibroid tissue from uterus
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tubal ligation
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procedure in which both fallopian tubes are tied off - prevents pregnancy
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Lymph/o
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lymph fluid
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Lymphaden/o
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Lymph node
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Lymphangi/o
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lymph vessel
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Splen/o
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spleen
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Thym/o
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thymus gland
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Sarcoidosis
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Inflammatory disease in which small nodules (tubercles) form in lymph nodes and other organs
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