Medical Terminology - Musculoskeletal System

Front 1

arthr/o

Back 1

joint

Front 2

Site of contact between two bones

Back 2

articulation, (aka joint)

Front 3

Shortening or tightening of a mm

Back 3

contraction

Front 4

Pertaining to muscles and the skeleton

Back 4

musculoskeletal

Front 5

Lubricating fluid of the joint

Back 5

synovial fluid

Front 6

Specialist that treats arthritis and other diseases of joints, muscles, and bones

Back 6

rheumatologist

Front 7

Specialist that treats injuries or diseases of the musculoskeletal system

Back 7

orthopedist

Front 8

fasci/o

Back 8

fascia, band (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)

Front 9

fibr/o

Back 9

fiber, fibrous tissue

Front 10

leiomy/o

Back 10

smooth muscle (visceral)

Front 11

lumb/o

Back 11

loins (lower back)

Front 12

muscul/o

Back 12

muscle

Front 13

my/o

Back 13

muscle

Front 14

ten/o

Back 14

tendon

Front 15

tend/o

Back 15

tendon

Front 16

tendin/o

Back 16

tendon

Front 17

carp/o

Back 17

carpus (wrist bones)

Front 18

cervic/o

Back 18

neck; neck of uterus

Front 19

cost/o

Back 19

ribs

Front 20

crani/o

Back 20

cranium (skull)

Front 21

humer/o

Back 21

humerus

Front 22

metacarp/o

Back 22

metacarpus (hand bones)

Front 23

phalang/o

Back 23

phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)

Front 24

spondyl/o

Back 24

vertebra (this form used to describe a condition of the structure, ex: spondylitis)

Front 25

vertebr/o

Back 25

vertebra (this form used to describe the structure, ex: vertebral)

Front 26

stern/o

Back 26

sternum

Front 27

calcane/o

Back 27

calcaneum (heel bone)

Front 28

femor/o

Back 28

femur (thigh bone)

Front 29

fibul/o

Back 29

fibula (lateral lower leg bone)

Front 30

patell/o

Back 30

patella (kneecap)

Front 31

pelv/i

Back 31

pelvis

Front 32

pelv/o

Back 32

pelvis

Front 33

radi/o

Back 33

radiation, x-ray; radius (lateral forearm bone)

Front 34

tibi/o

Back 34

tibia (larger medial lower leg bone)

Front 35

ankyl/o

Back 35

stiffness; bent, crooked

Front 36

chondr/o

Back 36

cartilage

Front 37

lamin/o

Back 37

lamina (part of the vertebral arch)

Front 38

myel/o

Back 38

bone marrow; spinal cord

Front 39

orth/o

Back 39

straight

Front 40

oste/o

Back 40

bone

Front 41

-clasia

Back 41

to break; surgical fracture

Front 42

-clast

Back 42

to break

Front 43

-plegia

Back 43

paralysis

Front 44

-sarcoma

Back 44

malignant tumor of connective tissue

Front 45

dia-

Back 45

through, across

Front 46

peri-

Back 46

around

Front 47

Group of hereditary diseases characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles

Back 47

muscular dystrophy

Front 48

Autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by progressive fatigue and severe muscle weakness (particularly with facial muscles and ptosis of the eyelids)

Back 48

myasthenia gravis (MG)

Front 49

Injury to the capsule of the shoulder joint, which is reinforced by muscles and tendons

Back 49

rotator cuff injury

Front 50

Trauma to a joint that causes injury to the surrounding ligament, accompanied by pain and disability

Back 50

sprain

Front 51

Trauma to a muscle from overuse or excessive forcible stretch

Back 51

strain

Front 52

Congenital deformity of the foot; aka clubfoot

Back 52

talipes equinovarous

Front 53

Inflammation of the tendon, usually caused by injury or overuse

Back 53

tendinitis

Front 54

Spasmotic contraction of the neck muscles, causing stiffness and twisting of the neck; aka wryneck

Back 54

torticollis

Front 55

Inflammation of a joint usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and changes in structure

Back 55

arthritis

Front 56

Arthritis caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Back 56

gout

Front 57

Progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by bone spurs (osteophytes) and destruction of articular cartilage

Back 57

osteoarthritis

Front 58

Chronic, systemic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial membranes of multiple joints, eventually resulting in crippling deformities and immobility

Back 58

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

Front 59

Pain or numbness resulting from compression of the median nerve within the wrist canal

Back 59

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 60

Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

Back 60

contracture

Front 61

Grating sound made by movement of bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

Back 61

crepitation

Front 62

Malignant tumor that develops from bone marrow, usually in long bones or the pelvis, and most commonly in adolescent boys

Back 62

Ewing sarcoma

Front 63

Any break in a bone

Back 63

fracture

Front 64

Rupture of the necleus pulposus (center gelatinous material within an intervertebral disk) between two vertebrae

Back 64

herniated disk

Front 65

Decrease in bone density with an increase in porosity, causing bones to become brittle and increasing the risk of fractures

Back 65

osteoporosis

Front 66

Skeletal disease affecting elderly people that causes chronic inflammation of bones, resulting in thickening and softening of bones and bowing of long bones

Back 66

Paget disease

Front 67

Form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

Back 67

rickets

Front 68

Fragment of a necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

Back 68

sequestrum

Front 69

Increased curvature of the thoracic region of the vertebral column, leading to a humpback posture

Back 69

kyphosis

Front 70

Increased forward curvature of the lumbar region of the vertebral column

Back 70

lordosis

Front 71

Abnormal sideward curvature of the spine to the left or right that eventually causes back pain, disk disease, or arthritis

Back 71

scoliosis

Front 72

Inflammation of one or more vertebrae

Back 72

spondylitis

Front 73

Chronic inflammatory disease of unknown origin that first affects the spine and is characterized by fusion and loss of mobility of two or more vertebrae; aka rheumatoid spondylitis

Back 73

ankylosing spondylitis

Front 74

Partial forward dislocation of one vertebra over the one below it, most commonly the fifth lumbar vertebra over the first sacral vertebra; aka spinal cord compression

Back 74

spondylolisthesis

Front 75

-listhesis

Back 75

slipping

Front 76

Partial dislocation of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint

Back 76

subluxation

Front 77

Surgical puncture of a joint

Back 77

arthrocentesis

Front 78

Visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures

Back 78

arthroscopy

Front 79

Surgical repair of a joint

Back 79

arthroplasty

Front 80

Excision of a dead piece of floating bone

Back 80

sequestrectomy

Front 81

These reduce the reabsorption of bones in tx of weak and fragile bones as seen in osteoporosis and Paget disease

Back 81

bone reabsorption inhibitors

Front 82

These treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity within the immune system by preventing further disease progression

Back 82

gold salts

Front 83

These relieve muscle spasms, pain, and stiffness

Back 83

muscle relaxants

Front 84

These relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation in tx of musculoskeletal conditions

Back 84

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)

Front 85

Fracture which does not break through the skin

Back 85

closed

Front 86

Fracture which breaks through the skin

Back 86

open

Front 87

Fracture which results in extensive soft tissue damage, ex: broken rib piercing a lung

Back 87

complicated

Front 88

Fracture that results in the bone being crushed into several pieces

Back 88

comminuted

Front 89

Fracture where the two broken ends of a bone are forced into one another

Back 89

impacted

Front 90

Situation where the fracture line does not include the whole bone

Back 90

incomplete

Front 91

Broken bone that only breaks on one side of the bone due to the soft, flexible nature of bones in children

Back 91

greenstick

Front 92

Fracture of the distal radius caused by falling onto an outstretched hand

Back 92

colles fracture