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126 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Oste/o |
Bone |
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Spondyl/o |
Vertebrae (Backbone) |
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Arthr/o |
Joint |
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Humer/o |
Humerus (upper arm bone) |
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Tend/o |
Tendon |
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-clasia |
Surgical fracture; to break |
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My/o |
Muscle |
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Cervic/o |
Neck; cervix uteri (neck of uterus) |
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Crani/o |
Cranium (Skull) |
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Ped/o |
Child; Foot |
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Orth/o |
Straight |
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Calcane/o |
Calcaneum (heel bone) |
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-porosis |
Porous |
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Ankyl/o |
Stiffness, bent, crooked |
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Scoli/o |
Crooked, bent |
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Myel/o |
Bone marrow; spinal cord |
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Brachi/o |
Arm |
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Cost/o |
Ribs |
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Cephal/o |
Head |
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Pelv/i |
Pelvis |
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-desis |
Binding, fixation (of a bone or joint) |
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Femor/o |
Femur (thigh bone) |
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Patell/o |
Patella (Kneecap) |
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Chondr/o |
Cartilage |
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Phalang/o |
Phalanges (bones of fingers and toes) |
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Amputation |
Removal of a limb |
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Articulation |
A place where two bones meet (aka a joint) |
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Axis |
The name for the vertebra that allows rotation |
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Claudication |
A term that means lameness or limping |
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Complicated |
A fracture in which the bone pierces an organ |
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Diaphysis |
The shaft of a long bone |
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Fontanel |
The soft spot between cranial bones in an infant |
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Gold Salts |
Class of drugs used to treat RA |
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Gout |
Joint disorder involving deposition of uric acid crystals in the joint |
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Kyphosis |
Forward curvature of the upper spine (hunchback) |
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Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDS) |
Drugs that reduce pain and inflammation (e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen) |
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Open |
A fracture in which the bone pierces the skin |
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Osteomyelitis |
Infection of the bone and bone marrow (pyogenic - pus causing bacteria) |
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Osteoporosis |
A condition of decreased bone density Begins as osteopenia |
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Osteosarcoma |
A cancer that arises within the bone tissue |
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Periosteum |
The dense outer portion of a long bone |
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Rheumatoid Arthritis |
Autoimmune disease that affects the joints |
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Rickets |
Softening of the bones due vitamin D deficiency |
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Talipes |
Clubfoot |
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Total Hip Replacement |
Term commonly referred to as a "hip replacement" |
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Muscle Function |
Provide contraction that allows body movement |
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Types of Muscle Tissue |
Smooth (involuntary, visceral organs) Skeletal (voluntary, striated) Cardiac (involuntary, striated) |
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Muscul/o |
Muscles |
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Fleshy Attachments |
Muscle fibers arise directly from bone |
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Fibrous Attachments |
Continuous with periosteum; tough connective tissue |
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Ligaments (Fibrous) |
Holds bones together in synovial joints; binds bone to bone |
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Tendons (Fibrous) |
Forms a cord/strap; large force in a small area
Binds muscle to bone |
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Sprain |
Tear or damage to a ligament |
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Strain |
Tear in the muscle |
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Adduction |
Towards |
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Abduction |
Away |
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Flexion |
Decrease angle (bending) |
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Extension |
Increase angle (straightening) |
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Rotation |
360 degree movement around |
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Pronation |
Down |
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Supination |
Up |
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Eversion |
Outward |
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Inversion |
Inward |
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Plantar Flexion |
Lowers |
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Dorsiflexion |
Elevates, points "back" |
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Bone Function |
Support and protect the body (skeletal framework), stores calcium, produces blood cells (within bone marrow) |
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Bone Types |
Short bones Irregular bones Flat bones Long bones |
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Short Bones |
Cuboid; rotational movement (i.e. ankles, toes) |
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Irregular Bones |
Complex shape; odd shape (i.e. vertebrae, middle ear) |
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Flat Bones |
Broad surfaces; wide (i.e. skull, shoulder blades, sternum) |
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Long Bones |
Found in appendages (i.e. legs, arms, fingers) |
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Long Bone Diaphysis |
Shaft, yellow marrow, medullary (middle) cavity |
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Long Bone Epiphysis |
Distal vs proximal (both end tips) Attachment of muscle and ligaments |
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Long Bone Articular Cartilage |
Smooth surface for movement of joints (flexible) |
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Articulation |
Joint |
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Long Bone Spongy Bone |
Also called Cancellous bone Porous; contains red bone marrow (hematopoiesis) |
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Long Bone Periosteum |
Covers surface of bone, dense white fibrous membrane, blood and lymph vessels, nerves, inner layer contains osteoblasts (bone embryonic cell; forms into osteocyte) |
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Skeleton Structure |
Axial skeleton and appendicular skeleton |
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Axial Skeleton |
Beige Skull, ribcage, vertebral column (top middle portion) |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
Blue Bones of the upper and lower limbs (hanging portions) |
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Girdles |
Attaches limbs to the skeleton |
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Sutures |
Binds skull bones together (except mandible) |
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Thorax |
12 Ribs attatched to spine: true ribs and false ribs |
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True Ribs |
7 Ribs Attached directly to sternum by costal cartilage |
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False Ribs |
5 Ribs Costal cartilage not directly attached to sternum (floating ribs) |
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Floating Ribs |
Not attached to sternum |
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Vertebral Column |
Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, coccyx |
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Atlas |
C1 (cervical) Supports skull |
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Axis |
C2 (cervical) Allows rotation |
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Thoracic Vertebral Column |
Supports chest, articulation for ribs |
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Lumbar Vertebral Column |
Carries weight of torso |
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Sacral Vertebral Column |
Fused to form sacrum |
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Coccyx |
Tailbone |
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Appendicular Skeleton |
Pectoral (shoulder) girdle, upper limbs, pelvic (hip) girdle, lower limbs |
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Pectoral (Shoulder) Girdle |
Clavical (collar bone), scapula (shoulder blade) |
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Upper Limbs |
Humerus (upper arm), forearm (radius and ulna: pinky outside), carpals (wrists), metacarpals (palm), phalanges (fingers) |
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Pelvic (Hip) Girdle |
Innominate (hip) bone, acetabulum (hip joint socket) |
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Lower Limbs |
Femur (thigh), leg (tibia and fibula), tarsals (ankle), metatarsals (foot), phalanges (toes) |
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Reduction |
To put bones back into place |
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Closed Fracture |
Simple Bone fracture that causes little or no damage to the surrounding soft tissues |
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Open Fracture |
Compound A fracture in which the bone pierces the skin |
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Complicated Fracture |
A fracture in which the bone pierces an organ |
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Comminuted Fracture |
A fracture in which a portion of the bone in shattered into multiple pieces |
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Impacted Fracture |
A fracture in which bones push and/or wedge into another piece of bone |
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Incomplete Fracture |
A fracture in which it is not completely separated from the rest of the bone |
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Greenstick Fracture |
A fracture due to bending and/or splinting |
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Colles Fracture |
A fracture caused by bracing a fall (wrist fracture) |
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Ankylosis |
Stiffness |
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Paget Disease (Osteitis Deformans) |
Chronic inflammation of bones |
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Scoliosis |
Bent/lateral curvature |
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Lordosis |
Swayback; excessive lower back curvature |
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Osteoarthritis |
Most common connective tissue disease Cartilage destruction; bone spurs (overgrowth) |
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Muscular Dystrophy |
Genetic disorder that affects skeletal and cardiac muscle Weakening of the muscle tissue |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
Autoimmune disorder Disruption of nerve impulses due to destruction of acetylcholine receptors |
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Herniated Disk |
Herniation of the nucleus pulposus (center of gelatinous material within an intervetebral disk) between two vertebrae; also called a prolapsed disk |
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Fibrosarcoma |
Develops in cartilage |
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Ewing Sarcoma |
Develops from nerve cells in bone marrow |
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Myelography |
Recording of spinal cord |
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Rheumatoid Factor |
Antibody to test for in the blood |
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Cervicofacial |
Pertaining to the neck and face |
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Salicylates |
Relieve pain, reduce inflammation |
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Skeletal Muscle Relaxants |
Relieve muscle spasm and stiffness |
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Costochondritis |
Inflammation of the rib cartilage |
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Crepitation |
A crackling or rattling wound (abnormal noise) |
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Subluxation |
Incompletion of bone moving out of place |
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Synovial |
Pertaining to joints where movement occurs |
